The level of urbanization that occurred in Indonesia at this time is remarkable that causes the growth of cities very rapidly. The growth of cities is mainly due to various reasons such as the capitalization process, regional enlargement/reclassification, as well as migration from rural to urban. The growth of cities leads a lot of problems like environmental degradation, traffic congestion, poverty, crime and other social conflicts. Such a rapid rate of urbanization is a reflection of the inequity between rural and urban development. Lack of employment opportunities in the village causes the population to go into town to find work. The imbalance of development that occurs is a result of implementing a liberal economic system that only emphasizes growth, while on the other side of the agricultural sector is not paid any appropriate attention. The farmers are at a very weak and do not have a good bargaining position, with the exchange rate is very lame. Even regarding with the foodstuffs such as rice, wheat, sugar, salt, etc., Indonesia has to import from abroad. The imbalances of development do not only occur between rural and urban, but also between Java and the outside of Java, and between western and eastern Indonesia regions. This imbalance should be found a solution, with good management and equitable development, including the political will to reform the economic system in favor of the Indonesian people.

Studies about population immobility, especially immobility associated with climate change-related disaster, are very limited. As a consequence, the explanation of population immobility in disaster prone areas is still blurred. This study contributes in explaining population immobility by exploring the typology of residents who did not move from disaster-prone areas. The survey was conducted towards the residents of Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang, which is prone to three disasters simultaneously i.e. sea level rise, land subsidence, and tidal inundation. The study sample was 235 heads of households selected using proportional sampling area technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts: (1) demographic, social, and economic characteristics of people who did not move from disaster prone areas; and (2) staying intention in disaster prone areas. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by using table and graph of respondent characteristic and relation between respondent characteristic and staying intention in research area. Three (3) typologies have been identified, namely: Type-1 are residents who wishes to stay; Type-2 are residents who still have not decided whether to stay or move; and Type-3 are residents who do not want to stay/want to move. Each of these typologies is described by place of birth, age, length of stay, education, occupation, and income. The understanding of the typology of residents living in disaster prone areas is important as inputs for policy-makers, especially regarding the relocation of people from disaster prone areas to be effective. The results of this study also contribute empirical evidence to the migration theory debate at the micro level, namely that the staying intention is a key element in the 'black box' of immobile decision-making from disaster prone areas.

Assuring safer and sustainable development in seismic prone areas requires predictive measurements, i.e., hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment. This research aims to assess urban vulnerability due to seismic hazard through a risk based spatial plan. The idea is to indicate current and future potential losses due to specified hazards with given spatial and temporal units. Herein, urban vulnerability refers to the classic separation between social and physical vulnerability assessments. The research area covers six sub-districts in Bantul, Indonesia. It experienced 6.2 Mw earthquakes on May, 27th, 2006 and suffered a death toll of 5700, economic losses of up to 3.1 billion US$ and damage to nearly 80% of a 508 km 2 area. The research area experienced the following regional issues: (1) seismic hazard; (2) rapid land conversion and (3) domination of low-income group. This research employs spatial multi criteria evaluations (SMCE) for social vulnerability (SMCE-SV) and for physical vulnerability (SMCE-PV). The research reveals that (1) SMCE-SV and SMCE-PV are empirically possible to indicate the urban vulnerability indices; and (2) integrating the urban vulnerability assessment into a spatial plan requires strategic, technical, substantial and procedural integration. In summary, without adequate knowledge and political support, any manifestation towards safer and sustainable development will remain meager and haphazard.

Abstract. From 2009 to 2015, the growth of tourism in the tourist villages (desa wisata) of Karimunjawa underwent rapid progress. However, the level of poverty in Karimunjawa remained high. Nevertheless, the involvement of rural people in the sustainable development of tourism has received only limited discussion. Therefore, this article discusses the rural communities' adaptation and resilience in Karimunjawa with the support of sustainable development planning in tourist villages. It covers the background of sustainable development, the elements of the communities' adaptive capacity and resilience, and the role of the regional government. Empirical evidence of variations in the capacity to respond to changes of socioeconomic and ecological environments due to tourism development is presented. In addition, a case study is used in this article to describe how the people learned from their experience, knowledge, and past efforts. To obtain the necessary information, in-depth interviews were conducted with a number of key informants in the tourist villages of Karimunjawa, which were selected via purposive and snowball sampling. The results of the research show that social resilience will increase among those communities that are capable of accessing dissemination of new information and knowledge. This is a key element for a stronger access as well as skills will also be capable of adaptation to the transformation process.Keywords: sustainable tourism development; tourism; tourist village; adaptation; resilience; Karimunjawa. Abstrak. Karimunjawa mengalami kemajuan pesat. Namun angka kemiskinan di Karimunjawa cukup tinggi. Artikel ini membahas adaptasi dan ketahanan masyarakat pedesaan di

Center for Tourism Studies, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract This article analyzes the strategies of Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT), i.e. the strategies to increase the benefits for poor people from tourism development. It explained the view that tourism, on a small or large scale, has a positive contribution to increased sources of income, creation of employment opportunities, and community development. However, there are still problems in developing the potentialities of the local labor force to contribute in the tourism sector. The development of tourism in Karimunjawa over the past ten years has undergone good progress, but the poverty rate in Karimunjawa is still fairly high. The problem of poverty is a complex one and is linked to a decrease in the main sources of earnings, i.e. fisheries and agriculture. The underlying concern is the fact that the growth of tourism in Karimunjawa has fostered the growth of resorts, hotels or the service sector owned and run by big investors, vis-à-vis the scant participation of the poor. The dominant types of job that the local community does are as employees or hired workers, and they are rarely involved directly in the planning and development of tourism, thereby restricting the potential role of the poor in the tourism sector in Karimunjawa. This study recommends strategies for the empowerment of the local community to enable them to make a considerable contribution to tourism in Karimunjawa in an endeavor to alleviate poverty and enhance the quality of human resources. One strategy recommended in this article is the adoption of a pro-poor policy through vocational training in tourism for the local community of Karimunjawa.

Sejarah Kota Palangkaraya berawal dari permukiman Kampung Pahandut di kawasan tepian Sungai Kahayan. Peran Sungai Kahayan sebagai orientasi, tempat tinggal/ awal bermukim dan mengembangkan kehidupan manusia/ bekerja bagi masyarakat Dayak. Kini masalah yang terjadi ialah perubahan kawasan tepian Sungai Kahayan berkembang menjadi kota yang dinamis, permukiman tumbuh secara organik dan pola jalan berorientasi ke darat membelakangi sungai, sehingga fungsi sungai berubah dari fungsi awalnya. Sungai sebagai falsafah hidup dan orientasi masyarakat Dayak Ngaju. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengidentifikasi model permukiman di kawasan tepian sungai, kasus kawasan permukiman tepian Sungai Kahayan, Kota Palangkaraya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian ekplorasi kualitatif lapangan (a qualitative exploratory research) berdasarkan ekplorasi data lapangan (field observation) nilai historis kawasan melalui survei, wawancara dan identifikasi potensi kawasan. Hasil penelitian dijabarkan dalam model integrasi permukiman tepian sungai meliputi aspek fisik antara lain : (a) model permukiman; (b) model dermaga; (c) model titian; dan (d) model jembatan. Sedangkan aspek non fisik : (a) ekonomi; dan (b) sosial-budaya dan (c) aktivitas pendukung sepanjang tepian Sungai Kahayan. Hasil penelitian ialah teridentifikasi model permukiman tepian sungai yang relevan yang akan digunakan sebagai pengkayaan model permukiman khususnya di kawasan-kawasan tepian sungai Indonesia di masa mendatang.

Branchless banking is a banking service based on ICT, one of which is an agent. This service can be found in both urban and rural areas. This research aims at identifying the existence and advantages of agents-based branchless banking. The locations of branchless banking agents was also analyzed to explore the spatial pattern. This research applies a quantitative method. Agents and customers are selected by undergoing a survey. The data are obtained by structurally interviewing agents on the kinds of services they provide and the benefits of services for customers. Meanwhile, an accidental sampling technique is used to select customers. Besides, spatial analysis is applied using kernel density analysis and accessibility analysis. The result of the research shows that the advantages of branchless banking through agent alter the perception of spatial benefits to access banking services. The space for banking services is in the same place for other purposes such as business units and home. In urban areas, the making use of agents is mainly based on the factors of being closely located and easy to access. Meanwhile, in suburban and rural areas, conveniences are of primary consideration to make use of agents. Concerning the geographical field, location plays an essential role in the substantial changes related to the spatial functions of economic services, mainly banking services, which are not always located in downtown areas. On the contrary, it is possible to locate economic services in rural areas, with the help of ICT-based services. The result of the analysis shows that banks do not optimally consider location, range and service area for branchless banking represented by agents.

River is a first transportation for connection city to village and central for economic community. Nowadays, land transportation is a trend  for connection city to village. River transportation have been not priority, due to land transportation more easy to access, low cost and faster rather than river transportation. River have been not priority for infrastructure and river is a backward. River is facing serious problems such as physical and environmental problem. River are still occupy for lower income people as a reason house can built by themselves and close to work location with a location in green belt area. Thispaper try to arguehow is a problem in  river transportation. The location of this research is Kahayan River, Palangkaraya City. This research aim is to reveal of potential of river transportation and unique of moda transportation will be revitalize of Kahayan riverside area of Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan.River is a first transportation for connection city to village and central for economic community. Nowadays, land transportation is a trend  for connection city to village. River transportation have been not priority, due to land transportation more easy to access, low cost and faster rather than river transportation. River have been not priority for infrastructure and river is a backward. River is facing serious problems such as physical and environmental problem. River are still occupy for lower income people as a reason house can built by themselves and close to work location with a location in green belt area. Thispaper try to arguehow is a problem in  river transportation. The location of this research is Kahayan River, Palangkaraya City. This research aim is to reveal of potential of river transportation and unique of moda transportation will be revitalize of Kahayan riverside area of Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan.