Isolation of Cytopathic Small Round Virus (Aichi Virus) from Pakistani Children and Japanese Travelers from Southeast Asia

Yamashita, Teruo; Sakae, Kenji; Kobayashi, Shinichi; Ishihara, Yuichi; Miyake, Takashi; Agboatwalla, Mubina; Isomura, Shin

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02225.x

Cited by 75 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Between 1989 and 1991, 13 of 47 stool samples from adult patients in five of nine oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were positive for the Aichi virus antigen (44). Aichi virus has also been isolated from Pakistani children with gastroenteritis and from Japanese travelers with gastroenteritis from Southeast Asia (43). These findings suggest that this virus is widely distributed in Asia and that it is one of the causative agents of human gastroenteritis.…”

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Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of Aichi Virus (a New Member of the Family Picornaviridae ) and Mutational Analysis of a Stem-Loop Structure at the 5′ End of the Genome

Sasaki

Kusuhara

Maeno

et al. 2001

J Virol

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Aichi virus is the type species of a new genus, Kobuvirus, of the family Picornaviridae. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of Aichi virus whose in vitro transcripts were infectious to Vero cells. During construction of the infectious cDNA clone, a novel sequence of 32 nucleotides was identified at the 5 end of the genome. Computer-assisted prediction of the secondary structure of the 5 end of the genome, including the novel sequence, suggested the formation of a stable stem-loop structure consisting of 42 nucleotides. The function of this stem-loop in virus replication was investigated using various site-directed mutants derived from the infectious cDNA clone. Our data indicated that correct folding of the stem-loop at the 5 end of the positive strand, but not at the 3 end of the negative strand, is critical for viral RNA replication. The primary sequence in the lower part of the stem was also suggested to be crucial for RNA replication. In contrast, nucleotide changes in the loop segment did not so severely reduce the efficiency of virus replication. A double mutant, in which both nucleotide stretches of the middle part of the stem were replaced by their complementary nucleotides, had efficient RNA replication and translation abilities but was unable to produce viruses. These results indicate that the stem-loop at the 5 end of the Aichi virus genome is an element involved in both viral RNA replication and production of infectious virus particles.Aichi virus was first isolated in 1989 from a stool specimen from a patient with oyster-associated nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Aichi, Japan (42). The complete genome sequence of this virus was determined, and the genome organization revealed that this virus is a member of the family Picornaviridae (45). However, the deduced amino acid sequences of Aichi virus proteins exhibited only 15 to 36% homology to those of other picornaviruses, suggesting that Aichi virus belongs to a distinct genus from the previously identified six genera of Picornaviridae (45). In 1999, this virus was classified into a new genus, Kobuvirus (18), whose name is derived from the characteristic morphology of the virus particles (kobu means bump in Japanese). Sequence analysis of 519-base reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) products corresponding to the 3C-3D junction for 17 isolates of Aichi virus revealed that these isolates could be divided into two groups with an approximately 90% sequence homology (46).Aichi virus has often been detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of stool specimens collected during oysterassociated gastroenteritis outbreaks in Japan. Between 1989 and 1991, 13 of 47 stool samples from adult patients in five of nine oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were positive for the Aichi virus antigen (44). Aichi virus has also been isolated from Pakistani children with gastroenteritis and from Japanese travelers with gastroenteritis from Southeast Asia (43). These findings suggest that this virus is widely distributed in Asia and that it is one...

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confidence: 90%

Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of Aichi Virus (a New Member of the Family Picornaviridae ) and Mutational Analysis of a Stem-Loop Structure at the 5′ End of the Genome

Sasaki

Kusuhara

Maeno

et al. 2001

J Virol

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“…To date, the genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 species, Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus (2). The Aichi virus is associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans (3)(4)(5); bovine kobuvirus infection has been detected only in cattle (1). Only 1 report has described the discovery and epidemiologic features of bovine kobuvirus (1).…”

Section: Bovine Kobuviruses From Cattle With Diarrheamentioning

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Bovine Kobuviruses from Cattle with Diarrhea

Khamrin

Maneekarn

Peerakome

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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LETTERScause this technology is available in relatively few clinical laboratories, cases of infection with M. massiliense may be mistakenly attributed to M. abscessus. Although infections with M. massiliense may be underrecognized, reports of these infections are raising concern. The capacity of this bacteria to infect different body sites is further evidence for the pathogenic potential of a rapidly growing mycobacteria in human infections (10).

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“…Moreover, the presence of Aichi virus was reported in oyster samples during a French outbreak of gastroenteritis occurring after oyster consumption (3). Aichi virus was also found as the etiologic agent of sporadic gastroenteritis in Japanese tourists from Southeast Asia (13). However, this virus was not detected in The Netherlands in 10 years of research (10).…”

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“…Just as in adults, there has been limited knowledge about the epidemiology of Aichi virus infection in children. Its presence in fecal specimens of children suffering from diarrhea has been demonstrated in several Asian countries (5,13), in Brazil (4), and in France (1). Nevertheless, despite the low incidence of Aichi virus encountered in sporadic and epidemic cases, several studies of seroprevalence conducted in Japan (12), Germany (4), Spain (J. Buesa, personal communication, 28 September 2007), and more recently in France (2) indicated that this virus is quite common.…”

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Detection and Genomic Characterization of Aichi Viruses in Stool Samples from Children in Monastir, Tunisia

et al. 2009

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Isolation of Cytopathic Small Round Virus (Aichi Virus) from Pakistani Children and Japanese Travelers from Southeast Asia

Cited by 75 publications

References 14 publications

Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of Aichi Virus (a New Member of the Family Picornaviridae ) and Mutational Analysis of a Stem-Loop Structure at the 5′ End of the Genome

Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of Aichi Virus (a New Member of the Family Picornaviridae ) and Mutational Analysis of a Stem-Loop Structure at the 5′ End of the Genome

Bovine Kobuviruses from Cattle with Diarrhea

Detection and Genomic Characterization of Aichi Viruses in Stool Samples from Children in Monastir, Tunisia

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