Isoflavones in the rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia

Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in combination with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analytical HPLC with mass spectroscopy in the selective ion monitoring mode were used for the determination of selected isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, biochanin A and their homologues, in 20 representatives of the Rutaceae family. Species belonging to five genera were studied, namely Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. The enzyme immunoassays used were based on polyclonal antibodies raised against isoflavonoid conjugates with bovine serum albumin (BSA), namely biochanin A-7-BSA, daidzein-7-BSA, daidzein-4'-BSA, genistein-7-BSA and genistein-4'-BSA. Aglycones as well as glycosides were detected, and methoxyisoflavones appeared to be more abundant than hydoxyisoflavones. The content of individual isoflavonoids ranged from 0 to 2.6 mg/kg (dry weight); the sum of all measured substances reached up to 5.9 mg.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Neovestitol and Vestitol Isolated from Brazilian Red Propolis

“…We are currently further characterizing its anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action as well evaluating their effectiveness using in vitro biofilm systems and an in vivo model of dental caries disease. Furthermore, it is plausible that neovestitol and vestitol, as local bucal bioactive agents, can be exploited commercially as they appear to have no cellular toxicity because they have been used as food additives , or nutraceuticals in preventing oral biofilm disorders. Clearly, neovestitol and vestitol are nutraceuticals as supported by the following definition: “A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food.…”

“…This particular group of polyphenols exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer activities. Furthermore, isoflavonoids have been used as food additives due to low toxicity and also as a health food supplement. , …”

“…Furthermore, isoflavonoids have been used as food additives due to low toxicity and also as a health food supplement. 8,9 Although a previous study has shown the biological activity of crude extracts of red propolis, 10 these authors did not find antimicrobial activity for neovestitol because the yield was insufficient, so this research activity was neglected at that time. Whether the isoflavonoids are associated with bioactivity remains to be elucidated because other studies concerning red propolis, such as those by Piccinelli et al 11 and Righi et al, 12 did not correlate the isolated isoflavonoids with biological activity.…”

Use of Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection for the Determination of Antioxidants in Less Common Fruits

“…The lack of data in food composition leads to difficulties in quantifying the daily polyphenol intake. Methods to quantify the total polyphenol content of plant food products have been recently proposed [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. It is extremely important to develop effective method to obtain novel opportunities for NDD prevention through the screening of every single target from a complex field of chemical diversity of plant substances.…”

The effect of bee prepolis on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial

“…Recent studies have reported that propolis contains elevated amounts of a certain type of isoflavonoid, i.e., isoflavones. This particular group of polyphenols exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer activities [1314]. Three derivatives of p-coumaric acid isolated from a Brazilian sample have shown a relaxant effect on smooth muscle by propolis [15].…”