Is there a relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome among adolescents?

Abstract

BackgroundDietary patterns have a crucial role in modulating chronic inflammation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and inflammation markers and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents (n = 343).MethodsFasting glucose, fasting insulin and lipid profile were analyzed and blood pressures were measured. Analysis of inflammation markers such as sedimentation, leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was also performed. The DII scores were calculated based on the adolescent’s 3-day food consumption records.ResultsThe dietary inflammatory score varied between 1.04 and 5.11 (3.6 ± 0.82). There was no significant difference in leukocyte and CRP levels between quartiles (p > 0.05). Those in the fourth quartile were observed to have higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the others (p < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, a positive correlation existed only between IL-6 and DII, independent of other inflammatory markers (β = 0.272; p < 0.05). The DII was associated with glucose intolerance (odds ratio [OR] for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–10.4) and dyslipidemia (OR for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.7–16.8).ConclusionsThese data suggest that a higher DII score was significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and some metabolic syndrome components in adolescents. Hence, DII can be used to determine the inflammatory potential of a diet and a healthy diet with anti-inflammatory properties that may be conducive to the prevention of metabolic disorders.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and cardiometabolic risk factors among Brazilian adolescents: results from a national cross-sectional study

“…However, studies exploring the relation between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents are scarce (15,16) . Most of the data for this age group show an association between the DII and inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukins (IL-1 and 2), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and C-reactive protein, although levels of markers are divergent among studies (16)(17)(18) . Furthermore, there are few data linking DII scores and metabolic markers in adolescents, with inconsistent results (18,19) .…”

“…Most of the data for this age group show an association between the DII and inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukins (IL-1 and 2), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and C-reactive protein, although levels of markers are divergent among studies (16)(17)(18) . Furthermore, there are few data linking DII scores and metabolic markers in adolescents, with inconsistent results (18,19) . Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory potential, assessed by the DII, and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents.…”

Associations of dietary intake on biological markers of inflammation in children and Adolescents: A systematic review

“…The DII, a tool that assesses the inflammatory potential of a diet [32], was examined in 6 observational studies [38,51,[55][56][57][58], one of which was also discussed in Section 3.1.3 [51]. These studies found that adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet (indicated by a higher score in the DII) was associated with higher levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy males and females.…”

Can dietary intake protect against low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents?

“…The remaining two observational studies found an association between WDP adherence, and higher levels of CRP and IL-6 in this case in female cohorts of healthy participants ( Del Mar Bibiloni et al., 2013 ; Khayyatzadeh et al., 2018 ). Similarly, across the six observational studies ( Lazarou et al., 2010 ; Sen et al., 2018 ; Almeida-de-Souza et al., 2018 ; Coheley et al., 2019 ; Seremet Kurklu et al., 2020 ; Shivappa et al., 2017 ) that examined the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a tool that assesses the inflammatory potential of a diet ( Suhett et al., 2020 ), diets with high inflammatory potential (a higher score in the DII), inducing a higher inflammatory response were positively associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers in males and females. Specifically, higher levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy males and females.…”

“…Specifically, higher levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy males and females. Four of the studies found a positive association between adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet (indicated by a higher score in the DII) and IL-6 ( Almeida-de-Souza et al., 2018 ; Seremet Kurklu et al., 2020 ), IL-1, IL-2, interferon gammon and sVCAM-1 in healthy males and females ( Shivappa et al., 2017 ), but also a positive association between DII and CRP in males and females with obesity ( Lazarou et al., 2010 ). However, two studies did not find any associations between the DII and CRP ( Sen et al., 2018 ), or IL-6, MCP-1 or TNF-α ( Coheley et al., 2019 ) in neither healthy males or females.…”