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BackgroundDietary patterns have a crucial role in modulating chronic inflammation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and inflammation markers and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents (n = 343).MethodsFasting glucose, fasting insulin and lipid profile were analyzed and blood pressures were measured. Analysis of inflammation markers such as sedimentation, leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was also performed. The DII scores were calculated based on the adolescent’s 3-day food consumption records.ResultsThe dietary inflammatory score varied between 1.04 and 5.11 (3.6 ± 0.82). There was no significant difference in leukocyte and CRP levels between quartiles (p > 0.05). Those in the fourth quartile were observed to have higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the others (p < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, a positive correlation existed only between IL-6 and DII, independent of other inflammatory markers (β = 0.272; p < 0.05). The DII was associated with glucose intolerance (odds ratio [OR] for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–10.4) and dyslipidemia (OR for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.7–16.8).ConclusionsThese data suggest that a higher DII score was significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and some metabolic syndrome components in adolescents. Hence, DII can be used to determine the inflammatory potential of a diet and a healthy diet with anti-inflammatory properties that may be conducive to the prevention of metabolic disorders.

Background and Aims: Diabetes is increasing rapidly in Turkey as most countries in the world. The prevention of complications which is the main aim in the treatment of diabetes can be accomplished partly with nutrition education. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between nutrition knowledge (NK) and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 280 patients with 8-20 years of diabetes duration who applied to diet outpatient clinic were recruited. The questionnaire was prepared by the investigators to assess the NK. A score was calculated on the scale of 100. The complications were determined based on hospital records and patients’ selfreport. Results: 63.2% of participants were female and 36.8% were male. The most common complications in participants were retinopathy (56.1%) and neuropathy (42.9%). The mean NK score was 80.2±11.7. At least one complication was seen in 85.0% of the participants. There was no significant difference for having any complication in patients with adequate and inadequate NK. However the risk of diabetic foot, and coronary artery disease was significantly higher in women with inadequate NK. Conclusion: NK is quite high in long term diabetic patients. However no effect of the NK on the development of complications could be shown. The difference of effect between men and women could be due to the fact that food is mostly prepared by women thus not much chance of the knowledge of men to be reflected on his eating habits. The knowledge difference among female patients was seen in the results as; in women with inadequate NK, the prevalence of diabetic foot and CAD was significantly higher.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between disease activity, dietary phytochemical index (DPI), and serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Patients and methods: Between August 2020 and January 2021, a total of 37 patients (23 males, 14 females; mean age: 39.3±9.4 years; range, 21 to 61 years) with AS and 36 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals (24 males, 12 females; mean age: 37.9±8.9 years; range, 20 to 60 years) were included. Serum TAS (μmoLTroloxEq/L) and TOS (μmoL H2O2Eq/L) measurements were performed and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Dietary evaluation was made from a one-day dietary record and DPI was calculated. Results: Serum TAS level in AS patients was significantly lower than the healthy group (p=0.003). Serum TOS level was similar in both groups. The OSI of patients was significantly higher than the controls (p=0.035). The mean DPI, polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 fatty acid, and vitamin C intake of patients were significantly lower than controls (p=0.042, p=0.033, and p=0.022, respectively). A moderate positive correlation was found between the TAS level and DPI of the control group (r=0.352, p=0.035). According to medications, no significant difference was seen between the groups in terms of patients’ characteristics, DPI, and laboratory tests and there was no correlation between DPI, TAS, TOS, and OSI. Conclusion: Lower DPI and lower n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C intake in patient group demonstrated that patients with AS should pay more attention to their diet to increase serum antioxidant status.

ÖzetAmaç:Bu araştırmanın amacı, diyet polikliniğe başvuran 20-49 yaş arası kadınlarda obezite prevalansının ve ilişkili risk faktörlerinin saptanmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntem:Bu araştırma, diyet polikliniğine başvuran 1117 kadın ile yürütülmüştür. Kadınların vücut ağırlıkları ve boy uzunlukları ölçülerek beden kütle indeksleri hesaplanmış, vücut bileşimi biyoelektrik impedans analizi ile değerlendirilmiş, bel çevresi ölçümü yapılmış ve bel/boy oranı hesaplanmıştır. Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite durumunun belirlenmesi için, bireylerin fiziksel aktivite kayıtlarından yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca,obeziteyi etkileyebileceği düşünülen değişkenlerin BKİ ile ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular:Kadınların %71. 3'ünün obez olduğu saptanmıştır.Artan yaş, eğitim düzeyinin düşük olması ve evli olma obezite oranını arttırmaktadır. Dört ve üzerinde doğum yapan kadınların tamamına yakını (%95. 0) obezdir. Beş kişiden daha kalabalık bir ailede yaşayan kadınlarda obezite oranı, beş kişiden az bir ailede yaşayanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Ayrıca, sigarayı bırakan (%83. 3) ve sedanter (%85.1) olan kadınların büyük çoğunluğunda obezite mevcuttur. Sonuç:Diyet polikliniğine başvuran yaklaşık her dört kadından üçü obezdir. Obezite için saptanan en önemli risk faktörleri; artan yaş, düşük eğitim düzeyi, evli olma, 4 ve üzerinde doğum yapma, beş kişiden daha kalabalık bir ailede yaşama ve sedanter olma olarak belirlenmiştir. Pam Tıp Derg 2017;10(3):250-257Anahtar sözcükler:Obezite, beden kitle indeksi, bel çevresi, sosyoekonomik faktörler. AbstractPurpose:To assess the prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in 20-49 year old women who admitted to diet clinic. Materials and methods:This study was carried out with 1117 women. Body Mass Index was calculated by the formula: body weight/height (kg/m²), body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis; waist circumference was measured and waist/height ratio was calculated. For determining the physical activity status of individuals, individual physical activity records were investigated. In addition, the variables associated with obesity were assessed in relation to BMI. Results:A total of 71.3% women were obese. Increased age, low education levels, and being married were the factors which increase the rate of obesity. Nearly all of the women (95%) who had ≥4 parity were obese.When compared to women who lives in a family more than five people,obesity rate was significantly higher in women who lives in a family less than five people.In addition, majority of women who quit smoking (83.3%) or have a sedentary life-style (85.1%) were obese. Conclusion:Approximately, three out of four women is obese who applied to the diet clinic. The most important risk factors of obesity are increased age, low educational level, being married, having ≥4 parity, living in a family more than five people and having sedentary lifestyle.Pam Med J 2017;10(3):250-257

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Background Early detection of children at risk of developing malnutrition during hospitalization prevents the development of complications. This study aims to determine the malnutrition risk of pediatric inpatients by using three different nutrition screening tools and to evaluate the reliability/sensitivity of the screening tools. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 176 children who were 1–16 years of age and were admitted to the pediatrics service of a second‐line hospital. Body weight and height were used to evaluate the nutrition status of children. Age‐ and sex‐specific z‐score values for height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), and body mass index for age (BFA) were indicators of malnutrition. The Screening Tool for Risk of Impaired Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), and Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool (PNST) were used under the responsibility of pediatricians and dietitians to evaluate the risk of malnutrition in children. Results At admission, according to the HFA, BFA, and WFA SD scores (SDSs), the incidence of malnutrition in children was 8.5%, 14.8%, and 6.3%, respectively. Three screening tools determined that WFA SDSs were significantly higher in children without malnutrition risk than in those at risk of malnutrition (P < 0.05). PYMS revealed a relatively higher sensitivity of 90.9% and 84.6% for WFA and BFA, respectively, and PNST revealed a relatively higher sensitivity of 88.9% for HFA. Conclusions PYMS and PNST are suitable for use in malnutrition risk assessment in pediatric inpatients because of the screening tools’ high sensitivity.

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