Iron-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks in Drug Delivery and Biomedicine

Abstract

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials comprising metal centers and organic linkers that feature structural rigidity and functional flexibility. These attractive materials offer large surface areas, high porosity, and good chemical stability; they have shown promise in chemistry (H 2 separation and catalysis), magnetism, and optics. They have also shown potential for drug delivery following the demonstration in 2006 that chromium-based MOFs can be loaded with ibuprofen. Since then, iron-based MOFs (Fe-MOFs) have been shown to offer high drug loading and excellent biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the synthesis and surface modifications of Fe-MOFs as well as their applications in drug delivery and biomedicine.

Exploring and expanding the Fe-terephthalate metal–organic framework phase space by coordination and oxidation modulation

“…[10][11][12][13] MOFs based on iron 14 have attracted particular attention for bio-applications due to the endogenous nature of the metal, which makes them desirable as benign carriers for therapeutic drugs. 15,16 Fe-MOFs are members of a larger subset of porous frameworks linked by trivalent metals 17 that are typically more robust compared to most MOFs containing divalent metal cations, and thus are desirable for applications where both their low toxicity and relative stability can be exploited.…”

Recent Advances in Single Fe-Based Nanoagents for Photothermal–Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy

“…These fundamental attributes include an inherent magnetic property and excellent stability. Moreover, they readily promote the induction of catalytic activities and contain NIR-light-responsive properties [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In this work, we summarize the recent advances of single Fe-based nanoagents for combined PTT/CDT.…”

PDA-coated CPT@MIL-53(Fe)-based theranostic nanoplatform for pH-responsive and MRI-guided chemotherapy

“…[4][5][6] Various nanocarriers have been used for smart drug delivery systems, and the properties of the nanocarriers can impart imaging performance to the system, enabling the construction of theranostic nanoplatforms. [7][8][9][10] Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are organic-inorganic hybrid materials with intramolecular pores formed by selfassembly of organic ligands with metal ions or clusters by coordination bonds, which endow the material with biodegradability. 11 Various structures can enhance the catalysis and adsorption capacity for the synthesis of mixed MOFs with unsaturated metal sites, amino or carboxyl groups.…”