IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior.

Kandel, Elizabeth; Mednick, Sarnoff A.; Kirkegaard-Sørensen, Lis; Hutchings, Barry; Knop, Joachim; Rosenberg, Raben; Schulsinger, Fini

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.2.224

Cited by 257 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

115

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Intelligence, in addition to affecting executive function, may mediate aggressive behaviour. Indeed, intelligence is considered to be a protective factor against the development of delinquency and criminality (Kandel et al, 1988 ;Lynam, Moffitt, & StouthamerLoeber, 1993 ;White, Moffitt, & Silva, 1989). A control for IQ in the current study is even more important in light of the studies of the role of the dorsolateral frontal lobe and laboratory aggression reviewed above.…”

Section: Executive Functions and Physical Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functions and Physical Aggression after Controlling for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, General Memory, and IQ

Séguin

Boulerice

Harden

et al. 1999

Child Psychology Psychiatry

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the role of ADHD in the association between physical aggression and two types of executive functions. Boys received a cognitive-neuropsychological test battery over the ages of 13, 14, and 15 years. Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 2.25) data were collected from the boys and one parent between ages 14 and 16, and an IQ estimate was obtained at age 15. Three groups, differing in stability and level of physical aggression since kindergarten, were formed : Stable Aggressive, Unstable Aggressive, and Nonaggressive. Composite scores of validated executive function tests of working memory representing subjective ordering and conditional association learning were formed. A MANCOVA (N l 149) using ADHD status, teacher-rated negative emotionality, general memory abilities, and IQ as covariates was performed on the two composite scores. ADHD and teacher-rated emotionality did not provide significant adjustment to the dependent variables. Number of ADHD symptoms was negatively associated only with general memory and IQ. General memory contributed significantly to adjusting for conditional association test scores. Group differences indicated lower conditional association scores for Unstable Aggressive boys relative to the other groups. Both IQ and general memory abilities interacted with subjective ordering within the groups. Specifically, Stable Aggressive boys performed poorly on this measure and did not benefit from increases in IQ whereas Nonaggressive boys performed best and were not disadvantaged by lower general memory abilities. This suggests a relationship exists between aspects of working memory and a history of physical aggression regardless of ADHD and IQ.

show abstract

Section: Executive Functions and Physical Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functions and Physical Aggression after Controlling for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, General Memory, and IQ

Séguin

Boulerice

Harden

et al. 1999

Child Psychology Psychiatry

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research has shown that having a high IQ is a protective factor against criminal involvement, even when individuals come from disordered social backgrounds (Kandel et al, 1988;Levine, 2011). In contrast, individuals with lower IQs generally have a poorer ability to make decisions, compete for resources, and learn from experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Burhan¹,

Kurniawan²,

Sidek³

et al. 2014

Intelligence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study examines whether crime rates can be reduced by increasing the IQ of people with high, average, and low IQ. Previous studies have shown that as a determinant of the national level of income per capita growth and technological achievement, the IQ of the intellectual class (those at the 95 th percentile of the Bell curve distribution of population intelligence) is more important than the IQ of those with average ability at the 50 th percentile.Extending these findings, our study incorporates the non-intellectual class (IQ at the 5 th percentile) to examine the role of IQ classes in determining crime rates across countries. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses with IQ, seven types of crimes, and nine control variables: urbanization, alcohol consumption, unemployment rate, young to old population ratio, income inequality, education attainment, drug consumption, police rate, and income per capita. Regardless of types of crimes, we found evidence that raising IQ will lessen crime rates, with raises in the 95 th percentile group having the most number of significant impacts, followed by the 50 th and then the 5 th percentile groups. Furthermore, none of the nine control factors was stronger than the 95 th percentile group in predicting crime rates. We conclude that the intellectual class influences rates of more types of crime than the non-intellectual class does. The intellectual class has the highest authority in 2 determining law enforcement and development policies. Therefore, increasing the IQ of politicians and leaders from this class than other social classes will have a more significant influence in reducing crime rates, through enhanced functionality and quality of institutions across countries.

show abstract

“…Some authors referred to variables as if they are either uniquely protective or uniquely risk related (e.g., Ferguson & Lynskey, 1996;Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000;Pollard, Hawkins, & Arthur, 1999;Rae-Grant, Thomas, Offord, & Boyle, 1989). Others have emphasized that protective and risk factors are merely opposite ends of the same variable; whether a variable was called a protective or risk factor depended on which end of the continuum was emphasized (Kandel et al, 1988;White, Moffitt, & Silva, 1989). A refinement of this view is the recognition that the protective and risk ends of variables need not be just mirror images of each other but may differ in the magnitude of their relationship to an outcome, that is, the relationship may be nonlinear (Farrington, 1995;Stouthamer-Loeber et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and promotive effects in the explanation of persistent serious delinquency in boys.

Stouthamer‐Loeber¹,

Loeber²,

Wei³

et al. 2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

292

263

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Risk and promotive effects were investigated as predictors of persistent serious delinquency in male participants of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (R. Loeber, D. P. Farrington, M. Stouthamer-Loeber, & W. B. van Kammen, 1998), living in different neighborhoods. Participants were studied over ages 13-19 years for the oldest sample and 7-13 years for the youngest sample. Risk and promotive effects were studied in 6 domains: child behavior, child attitudes, school and leisure activities, peer behaviors, family functioning, and demographics. Regression models improved when promotive effects were included with risk effects in predicting persistent serious delinquency. Disadvantaged neighborhoods, compared with better neighborhoods, had a higher prevalence of risk effects and a lower prevalence of promotive effects. However, predictive relations between risk and promotive effects and persistent serious delinquency were linear and similar across neighborhood socioeconomic status.

show abstract

IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior.

Cited by 257 publications

References 2 publications

Executive Functions and Physical Aggression after Controlling for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, General Memory, and IQ

Executive Functions and Physical Aggression after Controlling for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, General Memory, and IQ

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Risk and promotive effects in the explanation of persistent serious delinquency in boys.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About