IoT-Based Implementation of Field Area Network Using Smart Grid Communication Infrastructure

Abstract

A power grid is a network that carries electrical energy from power plants to customer premises. One existing power grid is going through a massive and revolutionary transformation process. It is envisioned to achieve the true meaning of technology as “technology for all.” Smart grid technology is an inventive and futuristic approach for improvement in existing power grids. Amalgamation of existing electrical infrastructure with information and communication network is an inevitable requirement of smart grid deployment and operation. The key characteristics of smart grid technology are full duplex communication, advanced metering infrastructure, integration of renewable and alternative energy resources, distribution automation and absolute monitoring, and control of the entire power grid. Smart grid communication infrastructure consists of heterogeneous and hierarchical communication networks. Various layers of smart grid deployment involve diverse sets of wired and wireless communication standards. Application of smart grids can be realized in the facets of energy utilization. Smart grid communication architecture can be used to explore intelligent agriculture applications for the proficient nurturing of various crops. The utilization, monitoring, and control of various renewable energy resources are the most prominent features of smart grid infrastructure for agriculture applications. This paper describes an implementation of an IoT-based wireless energy management system and the monitoring of weather parameters using a smart grid communication infrastructure. A graphical user interface and dedicated website was developed for real-time execution of the developed prototype. The prototype described in this paper covers a pervasive communication infrastructure for field area networks. The design was validated by testing the developed prototype. For practical implementation of the monitoring of the field area network, multiple sensors units were placed for data collection for better accuracy and the avoidance of estimation error. The developed design uses one sensor and tested it for IoT applications. The prototype was validated for local and wide area networks. Most of the present literature depicts a design of various systems using protocols such as IEEE 802.15.1 and IEEE 802.15.4, which either provide restricted access in terms of area or have lower data rates. The protocols used in developed system such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.3 provide ubiquitous coverage as well as high data rates. These are well-established and proven protocols for Internet applications and data communication but less explored for smart grid applications. The work depicted in this paper provides a solution for all three smart grid hierarchical networks such as home/field area networks, neighborhood area networks, and wide area networks using prototype development and testing. It lays a foundation for actual network design and implementation. The designed system can be extended for multiple sensor nodes for practical implementation in field area networks for better accuracy and in the case of node failure.

IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Systems: An Overview on the Recent Trends on Sensors and IoT Systems for Irrigation in Precision Agriculture

“…It is followed by the SIM900 GSM module (SIMCOM Wireless Solutions, Shanghai, China ) with nine papers and the NRF24L01 2.4 GHz module (Longruner, Shenzhen, China), the XBee S2 ZigBee module (Digi International Worldwide Headquarters, Hopkins, MN, USA) and the SX1276 LoRa module (Semtech, Camarillo, CA, USA) with three papers each. Some other less utilized modules and chips for wireless communication include GSM modules such as the SIM800 (SIMCOM Wireless Solutions, Shanghai, China) [171,187], the SIM300 (SIMCOM Wireless Solutions, Shanghai, China) [189], Ethernet modules such as the W5100 (SparkFun Electronics, Boulder, CO, USA) [72] or the Ethernet Shield (ELEGOO, Shenzhen, China ) utilized in [139], WiFi modules such as the ESP32 (Espressif Systems, Shanghai, China ) [119], the ESP1 [112], the ATWIN C1500 (Microchip Technology Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA) [191] and the Broadcom (Broadcom, San José, CA, USA) [152], LoRa modules such as the Feather 32u4 (Adafruit Industries, New York, NY, USA) [191] and the LoRa ESP32 [196], 2.4 GHz RF modules such as the C2500 (Mascot, Tainan City, Taiwan) [179] and sub-1 GHz RF modules such as the CC1310 (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) [147] and the CC1101 [150], Bluetooth modules such as the HC-05 (Guangzhou HC Information Technology Co., Guangzhou, China) [129,198] and near radio frequency nodules such as the NRF4L (Shen zhen City Huo Chuang Technology Company Ltd., Shenzhen, China) [181]. There other modules that are compatible with several technologies such as the JN5139 that admits both WiFi and ZigBee [121] or the Dragino LoRa GPS shield (DRAGINO TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED, Shenzhen, China) [144].…”

Smart Panel System using Internet of Things

“…Research on A system for energy monitoring system (Watt On) has been proposed for use per room in the house that is efficient, intuitive, and economical (cost-effective) [4]. Lipi Chhaya, dkk Has researched solutions for three smart grid hierarchical networks such as home area networks, areas of the network environment, and wide area networks using prototype development and testing [5]. The ESP8266 module is an inexpensive and effective platform to use over the internet.…”

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