Ionization of the earth’s atmosphere by solar and galactic cosmic rays

Usoskin, Ilya; Desorgher, L.; Velinov, P.; Storini, M.; Flückiger, E. O.; Bütikofer, R.; Kovaltsov, Gennady A.

doi:10.2478/s11600-008-0019-9

Cited by 102 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Radioactive gas releasing from the ground, namely during earthquakes, increases conductivity in the atmospheric boundary layer region by as much as a factor of ~2. Ionization rate from radioactive gases near the surface is up to ~10 cm -3 s -1 (Usoskin et al, 2009). …”

Section: Sources Outside the Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

Simões¹,

Pfaff²,

Berthelier³

et al. 2011

Dynamic Coupling Between Earth’s Atmospheric and Plasma Environments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigation of coupling mechanisms between the troposphere and the ionosphere requires a multidisciplinary approach involving several branches of atmospheric sciences, from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and fulminology to aeronomy, plasma physics, and space weather. In this work, we review low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in the Earthionosphere cavity from a troposphere-ionosphere coupling perspective. We discuss electromagnetic wave generation, propagation, and resonance phenomena, considering atmospheric, ionospheric and magnetospheric sources, from lightning and transient luminous events at low altitude to Alfven waves and particle precipitation related to solar and magnetospheric processes. We review in situ ionospheric processes as well as surface and space weather phenomena that drive troposphere-ionosphere dynamics. Effects of aerosols, water vapor distribution, thermodynamic parameters, and cloud charge separation and electrification processes on atmospheric electricity and electromagnetic waves are reviewed. We also briefly revisit ionospheric irregularities such as spread-F and explosive spread-F, sporadic-E, traveling ionospheric disturbances, Trimpi effect, and hiss and plasma turbulence. Regarding the role of the lower boundary of the cavity, we review transient surface phenomena, including seismic activity, earthquakes, volcanic processes and dust electrification. The role of surface and https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120011991 2019-03-25T00:54:44+00:00Z atmospheric gravity waves in ionospheric dynamics is also briefly addressed. We summarize analytical and numerical tools and techniques to model low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and solving inverse problems and summarize in a final section a few challenging subjects that are important for a better understanding of tropospheric-ionospheric coupling mechanisms.

show abstract

Section: Sources Outside the Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

Simões¹,

Pfaff²,

Berthelier³

et al. 2011

Dynamic Coupling Between Earth’s Atmospheric and Plasma Environments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However to carefully check our assumption, we had to compute the influence of a higher quality cosmic ray spectrum. The contribution of heavy cosmic ray particles is known to be non-negligible (Velinov et al 1974;Webber & Higbie 2003;Usoskin et al 2008), hence needs to be addressed for Titan. A first approximation, where the ionization of a high-Z nucleus of mass A and energy E is assumed to be equal to the ionization of A protons of energy E/A, demonstrated that the difference at the peak was smaller than 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization processes in the atmosphere of Titan

Gronoff

Mertens

Lilensten

et al. 2011

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. The Cassini-Huygens mission has revealed the importance of particle precipitation in the atmosphere of Titan thanks to in-situ measurements. These ionizing particles (electrons, protons, and cosmic rays) have a strong impact on the chemistry, hence must be modeled. Aims. We revisit our computation of ionization in the atmosphere of Titan by cosmic rays. The high-energy high-mass ions are taken into account to improve the precision of the calculation of the ion production profile. Methods. The Badhwahr and O'Neill model for cosmic ray spectrum was adapted for the Titan model. We used the TransTitan model coupled with the Planetocosmics model to compute the ion production by cosmic rays. We compared the results with the NAIRAS/HZETRN ionization model used for the first time for a body that differs from the Earth. Results. The cosmic ray ionization is computed for five groups of cosmic rays, depending on their charge and mass: protons, alpha, Z = 8 (oxygen), Z = 14 (silicon), and Z = 26 (iron) nucleus. Protons and alpha particles ionize mainly at 65 km altitude, while the higher mass nucleons ionize at higher altitudes. Nevertheless, the ionization at higher altitude is insufficient to obscure the impact of Saturn's magnetosphere protons at a 500 km altitude. The ionization rate at the peak (altitude: 65 km, for all the different conditions) lies between 30 and 40 cm −3 s −1 . Conclusions. These new computations show for the first time the importance of high Z cosmic rays on the ionization of the Titan atmosphere. The updated full ionization profile shape does not differ significantly from that found in our previous calculations (Paper I: Gronoff et al. 2009, 506, 955) but undergoes a strong increase in intensity below an altitude of 400 km, especially between 200 and 400 km altitude where alpha and heavier particles (in the cosmic ray spectrum) are responsible for 40% of the ionization. The comparison of several models of ionization and cosmic ray spectra (in intensity and composition) reassures us about the stability of the altitude of the ionization peak (65 km altitude) with respect to the solar activity.

show abstract

“…Åñòü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðà-áîò, îñïàðèâàþùèõ ëèáî ïîäòâåðaeäàþùèõ çíà-÷èìûå êîððåëÿöèè ìåaeäó êîñìè÷åñêèìè ëó÷à-ìè è îáëà÷íîñòüþ (ñì., íàïðèìåð, ññûëêè â îá-çîðå [Kirkby, 2007]). Êðàòêèå îáçîðû ñîâðåìåí-íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé àòìîñôåðíûõ ýôôåêòîâ â ñâÿ-çè ñ ÃÊË ïðåäñòàâëåíû â ðàáîòàõ [Usoskin et al, 2009;Calisto et al, 2011].…”

Section: ïðåäñòàâëåíî ÷ëåíîì ðåäêîëëåãèè â í øóìàíîìunclassified

“…Çíà÷èòåëüíî ìåíüøå ðàáîò ïîñâÿùåíî ñâÿçè ãëàâíîãî ãåîìàãíèòíîãî ïîëÿ , ãåíåðèðóåìîãî â ÿäðå Çåìëè (âðåìåííûå ìàñøòàáû îò 10 8 ñ), è êëèìàòà (íàïðèìåð, [Gallet et al, 2003[Gallet et al, , 2005Bakhmutov, 2006;Kovaltsov, Usoskin, 2007;Usoskin et al, 2009;Kerton 2009;Áàõìóòîâ è äð., 2011;Kitaba et al, 2013]). Ðåãóëÿðíûå èíñòðóìåíòàëüíûå íàáëþäåíèÿ êàê ìàãíèòíûõ, òàê è êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ðåäêî ïðåâûøàþò 100 ëåò, ïîýòîìó è êîððåëÿ-öèè ìåaeäó íèìè â ìàñøòàáàõ íåñêîëüêèõ ïî-ñëåäíèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé ñ÷èòàþòñÿ íàèáîëåå äîñ-òîâåðíûìè.…”

Section: ïðåäñòàâëåíî ÷ëåíîì ðåäêîëëåãèè â í øóìàíîìunclassified

Geomagnetic field and climate variability. 1. Spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field and climatic parameters during XX century

Bakhmutov

Martazinova

Kilifarska

et al. 2014

Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2 Óêðàèíñêèé ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû è Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñëóaeáû Óêðàèíû ïî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûì ñèòóàöèÿì , Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà 3 Íàöèîíàëüíûé èíñòèòóò ãåîôèçèêè, ãåîäåçèè è ãåîãðàôèè, Áîëãàðñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ íàóê, Ñîôèÿ, ÁîëãàðèÿÏîñòóïèëà 18 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2013 ã. Ïðåäñòàâëåíî ÷ëåíîì ðåäêîëëåãèè Â . Í . ØóìàíîìÀíàë³ç ãîëîâíîãî ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ (çà ìîäåëëþ IGRF) òà êë³ìàòè÷íèõ ïàðàìåòð³â ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ïîâ³òðÿ ³ ïðèçåìíîãî òèñêó, äàâ çìîãó ïðîñòåaeèòè ¿õ ãëîáàëüí³ çì³-íè ïðîòÿãîì XX ñò. ³ âèÿâèòè ì³ae íèìè ïðîñòîðîâî-÷àñîâèé çâ ÿçîê. Ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ³íòåã-ðàëüí³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ, ïîë³â ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ³ òèñêó, ðîçðàõî-âàí³ çà ºäèíîþ ìåòîäèêîþ, ³ äèíàì³êó öèõ ïîë³â äëÿ øèðîòíîãî ïîÿñó 40 70° ïí. ø. Ó ðå-çóëüòàò³ âèÿâëåíî ðåã³îíàëüí³ òà ãëîáàëüí³ îñîáëèâîñò³, âèçíà÷åíî â³äïîâ³äí³ çàãàëüí³ õà-ðàêòåðèñòèêè. Ó ïðîñòîðîâî-÷àñîâ³é ñòðóêòóð³ ìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ ÕÕ ñò. âèä³ëåíî òðè ³íòåð-âàëè, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóþòüñÿ ð³çíîþ ïîâåä³íêîþ ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ. Âîíè óçãîäaeóþòüñÿ ç òðüîìà ïåð³îäàìè çì³íè ãëîáàëüíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè: ïåðâèííå ãëîáàëüíå ïîòåïë³ííÿ (1911 1943), ïåð³îä ñòàá³ë³çàö³¿ ç ê³íöÿ 1940-õ äî ïî÷àòêó ñåðåäèíè 1970-õ ðîê³â, âòîðèííå ãëîáàëüíå ïîòåïë³ííÿ ç ïî÷àòêó ñåðåäèíè 1970-õ ðîê³â äî òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó. Â³çóàëü-íî ì³ñöå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ îñíîâíèõ ñòðóêòóð ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ, áàðè÷íîãî ïîëÿ ³ ïîëÿ òåì-ïåðàòóð ó Ï³âí³÷í³é ï³âêóë³ ïðîòÿãîì ÕÕ ñò. äîñèòü äîáðå çá³ãàºòüñÿ. Âèñîêèé êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîä³áíîñò³ ³íòåãðàëüíèõ ñòîë³òí³õ êðèâèõ ìîäóëÿ ïîâíîãî âåêòîðà ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ F ³ ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè T (R FT ) = 0,83 äîñèòü íåñïîä³âàíèé. Âðàõîâóþ÷è ìåòîäèêó, çà ÿêîþ áóâ îòðèìàíèé ³ îáðîáëåíèé ôàêòè÷íèé ìàòåð³àë, âàaeêî óÿâèòè, ùî òàêà êîðåëÿö³ÿ º âè-ïàäêîâîþ. ßêùî ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèé çâ ÿçîê ³ñíóº, òî î÷åâèäíî, ùî ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå ÿêèìîñü ÷èíîì âïëèâàº íà òåìïåðàòóðó (àáî òèñê), àëå íå íàâïàêè. Ìåõàí³çìè, çà äîïîìî-ãîþ ÿêèõ ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå ìîaeå âïëèâàòè íà êë³ìàò íà ð³çíèõ ÷àñîâèõ ìàñøòàáàõ, ìàëî âè-â÷åí³ ³ º îñíîâíîþ ïðîáëåìîþ. Ãîëîâíå ìàãí³òíå ïîëå Çåìë³ ðîçãëÿíóòî ÿê ïåðøà ãîëîâíà ëàíêà ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèõ çâ ÿçê³â ëàíöþaeêà ìàãí³òíå ïîëå êë³ìàò. Ñòèñëî âèêëàäå-íî ñó÷àñí³ óÿâëåííÿ ïðî ìîaeëèâ³ ìåõàí³çìè âïëèâó ñîíÿ÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ³ ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïî-ëÿ íà êë³ìàò. Çàçíà÷åíî, ùî îñíîâíà ðîëü ó íèõ íàëåaeèòü ãàëàêòè÷íèì êîñì³÷íèì ïðîìå-íÿì. Ïðåäñòàâëåíèé ìàòåð³àë ëåaeèòü â îñíîâ³ äðóãî¿ ÷àñòèíè ñòàòò³, äå ïðîñòåaeåíî ëàíöþ-aeîê ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèõ çâ ÿçê³â âàð³àö³é ìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ Çåìë³, ãàëàêòè÷íèõ êîñì³÷íèõ ïðîìåí³â, âàð³àö³é âì³ñòó îçîíó ³ ê³ëüêîñò³ âîäÿíî¿ ïàðè ó âåðõí³é òðîïîñôåð³ / íèaeí³é ñòðàòîñôåð³, ùî â ï³äñóìêó ïðèçâîäèòü äî çì³íè ðàä³àö³éíîãî áàëàíñó íàøî¿ ïëàíåòè ³, ÿê íàñë³äîê, äî çì³í ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè òà êë³ìàòó.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå, çì³íè êë³ìàòó, ïðèçåìíà òåìïåðàòóðà ³ àòìîñôåðíèé òèñê.

show abstract

Ionization of the earth’s atmosphere by solar and galactic cosmic rays

Cited by 102 publications

References 26 publications

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

Ionization processes in the atmosphere of Titan

Geomagnetic field and climate variability. 1. Spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field and climatic parameters during XX century

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About