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2 Óêðàèíñêèé ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû è Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñëóaeáû Óêðàèíû ïî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûì ñèòóàöèÿì , Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà 3 Íàöèîíàëüíûé èíñòèòóò ãåîôèçèêè, ãåîäåçèè è ãåîãðàôèè, Áîëãàðñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ íàóê, Ñîôèÿ, ÁîëãàðèÿÏîñòóïèëà 18 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2013 ã. Ïðåäñòàâëåíî ÷ëåíîì ðåäêîëëåãèè  . Í . ØóìàíîìÀíàë³ç ãîëîâíîãî ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ (çà ìîäåëëþ IGRF) òà êë³ìàòè÷íèõ ïàðàìåòð³â ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ïîâ³òðÿ ³ ïðèçåìíîãî òèñêó, äàâ çìîãó ïðîñòåaeèòè ¿õ ãëîáàëüí³ çì³-íè ïðîòÿãîì XX ñò. ³ âèÿâèòè ì³ae íèìè ïðîñòîðîâî-÷àñîâèé çâ ÿçîê. Ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ³íòåã-ðàëüí³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ, ïîë³â ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ³ òèñêó, ðîçðàõî-âàí³ çà ºäèíîþ ìåòîäèêîþ, ³ äèíàì³êó öèõ ïîë³â äëÿ øèðîòíîãî ïîÿñó 40 70° ïí. ø. Ó ðå-çóëüòàò³ âèÿâëåíî ðåã³îíàëüí³ òà ãëîáàëüí³ îñîáëèâîñò³, âèçíà÷åíî â³äïîâ³äí³ çàãàëüí³ õà-ðàêòåðèñòèêè. Ó ïðîñòîðîâî-÷àñîâ³é ñòðóêòóð³ ìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ ÕÕ ñò. âèä³ëåíî òðè ³íòåð-âàëè, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóþòüñÿ ð³çíîþ ïîâåä³íêîþ ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ. Âîíè óçãîäaeóþòüñÿ ç òðüîìà ïåð³îäàìè çì³íè ãëîáàëüíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè: ïåðâèííå ãëîáàëüíå ïîòåïë³ííÿ (1911 1943), ïåð³îä ñòàá³ë³çàö³¿ ç ê³íöÿ 1940-õ äî ïî÷àòêó ñåðåäèíè 1970-õ ðîê³â, âòîðèííå ãëîáàëüíå ïîòåïë³ííÿ ç ïî÷àòêó ñåðåäèíè 1970-õ ðîê³â äî òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó. ³çóàëü-íî ì³ñöå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ îñíîâíèõ ñòðóêòóð ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ, áàðè÷íîãî ïîëÿ ³ ïîëÿ òåì-ïåðàòóð ó ϳâí³÷í³é ï³âêóë³ ïðîòÿãîì ÕÕ ñò. äîñèòü äîáðå çá³ãàºòüñÿ. Âèñîêèé êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîä³áíîñò³ ³íòåãðàëüíèõ ñòîë³òí³õ êðèâèõ ìîäóëÿ ïîâíîãî âåêòîðà ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ F ³ ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè T (R FT ) = 0,83 äîñèòü íåñïîä³âàíèé. Âðàõîâóþ÷è ìåòîäèêó, çà ÿêîþ áóâ îòðèìàíèé ³ îáðîáëåíèé ôàêòè÷íèé ìàòåð³àë, âàaeêî óÿâèòè, ùî òàêà êîðåëÿö³ÿ º âè-ïàäêîâîþ. ßêùî ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèé çâ ÿçîê ³ñíóº, òî î÷åâèäíî, ùî ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå ÿêèìîñü ÷èíîì âïëèâຠíà òåìïåðàòóðó (àáî òèñê), àëå íå íàâïàêè. Ìåõàí³çìè, çà äîïîìî-ãîþ ÿêèõ ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå ìîaeå âïëèâàòè íà êë³ìàò íà ð³çíèõ ÷àñîâèõ ìàñøòàáàõ, ìàëî âè-â÷åí³ ³ º îñíîâíîþ ïðîáëåìîþ. Ãîëîâíå ìàãí³òíå ïîëå Çåìë³ ðîçãëÿíóòî ÿê ïåðøà ãîëîâíà ëàíêà ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèõ çâ ÿçê³â ëàíöþaeêà ìàãí³òíå ïîëå êë³ìàò. Ñòèñëî âèêëàäå-íî ñó÷àñí³ óÿâëåííÿ ïðî ìîaeëèâ³ ìåõàí³çìè âïëèâó ñîíÿ÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ³ ãåîìàãí³òíîãî ïî-ëÿ íà êë³ìàò. Çàçíà÷åíî, ùî îñíîâíà ðîëü ó íèõ íàëåaeèòü ãàëàêòè÷íèì êîñì³÷íèì ïðîìå-íÿì. Ïðåäñòàâëåíèé ìàòåð³àë ëåaeèòü â îñíîâ³ äðóãî¿ ÷àñòèíè ñòàòò³, äå ïðîñòåaeåíî ëàíöþ-aeîê ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèõ çâ ÿçê³â âàð³àö³é ìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ Çåìë³, ãàëàêòè÷íèõ êîñì³÷íèõ ïðîìåí³â, âàð³àö³é âì³ñòó îçîíó ³ ê³ëüêîñò³ âîäÿíî¿ ïàðè ó âåðõí³é òðîïîñôåð³ / íèaeí³é ñòðàòîñôåð³, ùî â ï³äñóìêó ïðèçâîäèòü äî çì³íè ðàä³àö³éíîãî áàëàíñó íàøî¿ ïëàíåòè ³, ÿê íàñë³äîê, äî çì³í ïðèçåìíî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè òà êë³ìàòó.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ãåîìàãí³òíå ïîëå, çì³íè êë³ìàòó, ïðèçåìíà òåìïåðàòóðà ³ àòìîñôåðíèé òèñê.

The idea about synchronized variations of geomagnetic field and climate appears in the middle of the twentieth century. Among others, one of the main reasons for its unpopularity is the missing mechanism of coupling between magnetic and non-magnetic media. This chapter offers such a mechanism, consisting of a chain of relations transmitting the geomagnetic spatial-temporal variations down to the planetary surface. The first element of this chain is energetic particles propagating in Earth’s atmosphere, whose density and depth of penetration are modulated by geomagnetic field. Thus, the non-dipolar geomagnetic irregularities are projected on the ionization layer in the lower atmosphere (known as Regener-Pfotzer maximum). This unevenly distributed ionization, in certain conditions (i.e. dry atmosphere), acts as a secondary source of ozone near the tropopause. Ozone at this level is of special importance due to its influence on the tropopause temperature and humidity, and consequently on the planetary radiation balance. Hence, the geomagnetic spatial and temporal variations are imprinted down to the surface, impacting the climate system and its regional structures. The chapter provides synthesized information about geomagnetic field variability, particles’ propagation in Earth’s atmosphere, ion-molecular reactions initiating ozone formation in the lower stratosphere, as well as evidence for its covariance with some atmospheric variables.

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The regional characteristics of changing climate are serious challenge for the current understanding regarding the driving factors of climate variability. Here we present a plausible explanation for the diversity of regional response of Antarctic climate to uniform enhancement of greenhouse gases, i.e. the simultaneous warming of the Western and cooling of the Eastern Antarctica. The explanation is related to the heterogeneously distributed geomagnetic field, controlling the intensity and depth of particles penetration in the Earth's atmosphere. We discover that at seasonal basis the solar proton activity initiates enhancement of the ozone density in the lower stratosphere over East Antarctica. This starts up the mechanism for drying of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere − through O 3 influence on temperature and static stability of air masses. Thus warming of the tropopause region reduces static stability, blocking upward propagation of the water vapour from the wetter middle troposphere. As a result the Earth's longwave radiation freely escapes in the space − a process accompanied with persistent cooling of the surface air in the eastern part of the continent. During the passed half a century the ozone density in the Western Antarctica is substantially lower, that diminished severely the ozone-water vapour cooling effect.