Iodine status and thyroid function among Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–7 years: the Tirokid study

Vila, Lluís; Donnay, Sergio; Arena, José María; Arrizabalaga, Juan José; Pineda, J.; Garcı́a-Fuentes, Eduardo; Garcı́a-Rey, César; Marı́n, J. L.; Serra‐Prat, Mateu; Velasco, Inés; López-Guzmán, A.; Pérez, Luis Miguel Luengo; Villar, A.; Muñoz, Z.; Bandrés, Orosia; Guerrero, Elisa María Sepulveda; Muñoz, J.; Moll, Gracia; Vich, Francisca; Menéndez, Edelmiro; Riestra, María Luisa; Torres, Yolanda; Beato-Víbora, Pilar Isabel; Aguirre, Miguel; Santiago, Piedad; Aranda, Jacob V.; Gutiérrez-Repiso, Carolina

doi:10.1017/s0007114516000660

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It is possible that women with lower UIC~Cr also had some negative psychosocial or clinical conditions not accounted for that might explain the poorer cognitive achievement of their offspring. We did not control for iodine nutritional status in the child, but according to recent literature,40 child population in Spain is considered iodine sufficient. Furthermore, repeated measurements of UIC during pregnancy would have been advisable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study

Murcia

Espada

Júlvez

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study

Murcia

Espada

Júlvez

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…The importance of milk and dairy consumption to iodine prophylaxis among schoolchildren across Europe is clear. In countries like France, Germany, Spain, and the UK where iodised salt is not mandatory, milk consumption is a determinant of iodine optimal levels among schoolchildren [17,29,31,32,33]. However, when examining iodine nutrition data from children and pregnant women in the same countries across Europe, it seems evident that pregnant women are at a higher risk for iodine deficiency and may rely more on iodised salt consumption or supplementation to achieve adequate iodine levels compared to children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration Study

et al. 2017

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The World Health Organization promotes salt iodisation to control iodine deficiency. In Portugal, the use of iodised salt in school canteens has been mandatory since 2013. The present study aimed to evaluate iodine status in school-aged children (6–12 years) and to monitor the use of iodised salt in school canteens. A total of 2018 participants were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional survey in northern Portugal. Children’s urine and salt samples from households and school canteens were collected. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed by parents to assess children’s eating frequency of iodine food sources. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median UIC was 129 µg/L which indicates the adequacy of iodine status and 32% of the children had UIC < 100 µg/L. No school canteen implemented the iodised salt policy and only 2% of the households were using iodised salt. Lower consumption of milk, but not fish, was associated with a higher risk of iodine deficiency. Estimation of sodium intake from spot urine samples could be an opportunity for adequate monitoring of population means. Implementation of iodine deficiency control policies should include a monitoring program aligned with the commitment of reducing the population salt intake.

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“…This might be related to the age of the patients included and also to the iodine status of the population. Indeed, the north of Spain has a normal iodine nutritional status in school-aged children [18], and China is also known to have normal iodine status [19]. Conversely, although Europe is known to be iodine sufficient [20], there is a trend towards iodine insufficiency in pregnant women in the Lyon area [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and Sex-Specific TSH Upper-Limit Reference Intervals in the General French Population: There Is a Need to Adjust Our Actual Practices

Raverot

Bonjour

Payrat

et al. 2020

JCM

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It is well known that thyroid dysfunction increases with age. This study is aimed to determine reference intervals, in males and females, suitable for thyroid disease exploration during adult life using routinely collected serum thyrotropin (TSH) data in a tertiary center from 2007 to 2018. Over 11 years, 295,775 TSH levels were measured in a single lab. Among the 156,025 TSH results available for analysis, 90,538 values were from female subjects, 82,019 were from patients aged >60 years and 26,825 were from patients aged >80 years. By using an indirect approach, we determined reference values of TSH adapted to age and sex, and we then evaluated the proportion of patients who would have been reclassified with these reference values. The median TSH ranged from 1.2-1.4 mUI/L during the study period. The upper limit of reference range of TSH increased with age; in females the median to 97.5th percentile values increased continuously from the age of 30 years to the oldest age group. Using new calculated reference values in patients with TSH above the conventional upper-limit reference value (4 mUI/L), the proportion of results reclassified as within the reference interval among patients aged >60 years ranged, according to age group, from 50.5% to 65.1% of females and from 33.0% to 37.7% of males. The use of TSH age-specific and sex-specific upper-limit reference values led to the reclassification of a great number of samples, notably among women. This suggests that age-specific TSH upper-limit reference intervals in daily practice should be used in order to avoid misclassification.

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Iodine status and thyroid function among Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–7 years: the Tirokid study

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study

Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study

Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration Study

Age- and Sex-Specific TSH Upper-Limit Reference Intervals in the General French Population: There Is a Need to Adjust Our Actual Practices

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