Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

Hristov, A.N.; Bannink, A.; Crompton, L.A.; Huhtanen, Pekka; Kreuzer, Michael; McGee, M.; Nozière, Pierre; Reynolds, C.K.; Bayat, Ali; Yáñez-Ruíz, D. R.; Dijkstra, J.; Kebreab, E.; Schwarm, Angela; Shingfield, Kevin J.; Yu, Zhongtang

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15829

Cited by 136 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 340 publications

(458 reference statements)

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“…It was also hypothesized in the present study that feeding SOYXYL increased non-ammonia nitrogen entering the post-rumen digestive tract, resulting in increased N available in the intestine and hence elevated the level of total protein in the bulls' plasma (Lapierre and Lobley 2001). Hristov et al (2019) reported that rumen-protected protein- b,c,d Different superscript on the same row shows the significant differences (p<0.05).…”

Section: Total Plasma Proteinsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of SOYXYL as a Dietary Protected Protein Supplement on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls

Prasetiyono

Widiyanto

Ondho

et al. 2020

JAP

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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of SOYXYL as one of the dietary protected protein supplement product in the rations on the reproduction performance of Simmental bulls. Twelve 5 years-old Simmental bulls were allotted to 4 treatment groups with 3 replications in each, i.e.: T0= control ration (elephant grass + 5 kg/head/day commercial concentrate), T1= control ration + 150 g protected protein supplement SOYXYL (3% of concentrate), T2 = control ration + 300 g SOYXYL (6% of concentrate) and T3= control ration + 450 g SOYXYL (9% of concentrate). The experiment lasted for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, semen and blood were collected and body weight gain was measured. The variables measured included sperm motility, sperm concentration, blood protein, blood urea and the concentration of testosterone. Results showed that SOYXYL supplementation, particularly at the levels of 3 and 6%, increased the total plasma protein of bulls. SOYXYL supplementation at 3% from concentrate resulted in increased plasma urea concentration. Feeding SOYXYL, particularly at the levels of 6 and 9%, increased the average daily gain of bulls as compared to control. Feeding 3% SOYXYL increased, but at the levels of 6 and 9% decreased the concentration of sperm of bulls. The concentration of testosterone was higher in the bulls received 3 and 6% SOYXYL in the rations. Dietary supplementation of SOYXYL increased the sperm motility of Simmental bulls. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SOYXYL at the level of 3% increased plasma protein, testosterone, and sperm concentrations as well as sperm motility. However, supplementation of SOYXYL at 6 and 9% from rations decreased the concentrations of sperm and testosterone.

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Section: Total Plasma Proteinsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of SOYXYL as a Dietary Protected Protein Supplement on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls

Prasetiyono

Widiyanto

Ondho

et al. 2020

JAP

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“…Ruminants have the nutritional flexibility to utilize non-protein N. However, the production of excess NH 4 + in the rumen from degradation of dietary protein and subsequent fermentation of AA can exceed the capacity of rumen microbes to incorporate it into microbial protein synthesis. Excess NH 4 + is absorbed both as NH 4 + and NH 3 , converted to urea by the liver, and partly excreted in urine [ 15 ], causing atmospheric and water pollution [ 52 ]. If inhibiting rumen methanogenesis could increase the incorporation of NH 4 + into microbial AA with some diets, there could potentially be a dual benefit in simultaneously decreasing both CH 4 and N emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is absorbed both as NH 4 + and NH 3 , converted to urea by the liver, and partly excreted in urine [15], causing atmospheric and water pollution [52]. If inhibiting rumen methanogenesis could increase the incorporation of NH 4 + into microbial AA with some diets, there could potentially be a dual benefit in simultaneously decreasing both CH 4 and N emissions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibiting Methanogenesis Stimulated de novo Synthesis of Microbial Amino Acids in Mixed Rumen Batch Cultures Growing on Starch but not on Cellulose

et al. 2020

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Ameliorating methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants would have environmental benefits, but it is necessary to redirect metabolic hydrogen ([H]) toward useful sinks to also benefit animal productivity. We hypothesized that inhibiting rumen methanogenesis would increase de novo synthesis of microbial amino acids (AA) as an alternative [H] sink if sufficient energy and carbon are provided. We examined the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis with 9, 10-anthraquione (AQ) on mixed rumen batch cultures growing on cellulose or starch as sources of energy and carbon contrasting in fermentability, with ammonium (NH4+) or trypticase (Try) as nitrogen (N) sources. Inhibiting methanogenesis with AQ inhibited digestion with cellulose but not with starch, and decreased propionate and increased butyrate molar percentages with both substrates. Inhibiting methanogenesis with 9, 10-anthraquinone increased de novo synthesis of microbial AA with starch but not with cellulose. The decrease in the recovery of [H] caused by the inhibition of methanogenesis was more moderate with starch due to an enhancement of butyrate and AA as [H] sinks. There may be an opportunity to simultaneously decrease the emissions of CH4 and N with some ruminant diets and replace plant protein supplements with less expensive non-protein nitrogen sources such as urea.

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“…Given that more than half of the ammonia found in peripheral blood is of gastrointestinal origin [31], understanding the mechanisms responsible for ammonia absorption might help with a better management of hyperammonemia in patients suffering from hepatic disease. However, the most urgent task may be to find strategies to reduce the vast amounts of nitrogen that are excreted by livestock worldwide, leading to human respiratory problems, eutrophication, and climate change [28]. Livestock production represents the largest anthropogenic source of the highly potent climate gas N 2 O [56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TRPV3 channel of the bovine rumen: localization and functional characterization of a protein relevant for ruminal ammonia transport

Liebe

Kaessmeyer

et al. 2020

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Large quantities of ammonia (NH3 or NH4+) are absorbed from the gut, associated with encephalitis in hepatic disease, poor protein efficiency in livestock, and emissions of nitrogenous climate gasses. Identifying the transport mechanisms appears urgent. Recent functional and mRNA data suggest that absorption of ammonia from the forestomach of cattle may involve TRPV3 channels. The purpose of the present study was to sequence the bovine homologue of TRPV3 (bTRPV3), localize the protein in ruminal tissue, and confirm transport of NH4+. After sequencing, bTRPV3 was overexpressed in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. An antibody was selected via epitope screening and used to detect the protein in immunoblots of overexpressing cells and bovine rumen, revealing a signal of the predicted ~ 90 kDa. In rumen only, an additional ~ 60 kDa band appeared, which may represent a previously described bTRPV3 splice variant of equal length. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining from the ruminal stratum basale to stratum granulosum. Measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodes showed that NH4+ acidifies Xenopus oocytes, with overexpression of bTRPV3 enhancing permeability to NH4+. Single-channel measurements revealed that Xenopus oocytes endogenously expressed small cation channels in addition to fourfold-larger channels only observed after expression of bTRPV3. Both endogenous and bTRPV3 channels conducted NH4+, Na+, and K+. We conclude that bTRPV3 is expressed by the ruminal epithelium on the protein level. In conjunction with data from previous studies, a role in the transport of Na+, Ca2+, and NH4+ emerges. Consequences for calcium homeostasis, ruminal pH, and nitrogen efficiency in cattle are discussed.

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Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

Cited by 136 publications

References 340 publications

Effect of SOYXYL as a Dietary Protected Protein Supplement on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls

Effect of SOYXYL as a Dietary Protected Protein Supplement on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls

Inhibiting Methanogenesis Stimulated de novo Synthesis of Microbial Amino Acids in Mixed Rumen Batch Cultures Growing on Starch but not on Cellulose

The TRPV3 channel of the bovine rumen: localization and functional characterization of a protein relevant for ruminal ammonia transport

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