Investigation of radiation-grafted and radiation-modifiedN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto polypropylene film

Graft copolymer of sodium alginate (SA) with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-VP) was prepared using potassium persulphate (PPS) as an initiator. The effect of monomer content on the percentage of graft yield was investigated. It was observed that N-vinylpyrrolidone (N-VP) content has remarkable influence on the percentage graft yield. SA and their graft copolymer (SA-g-VP) beads were prepared in various formulations using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent and acebutolol hydrochloride (ABHCl) as a model drug. Beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chemical stability of ABHCl after encapsulation into beads was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Preparation conditions of the SA-g-N-VP beads were optimized by considering the percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling capacity, and their release data. In vitro release studies of different formulations were performed at 37 • C in an intestinal fluid atmosphere (pH 7.4). The effect of graft copolymer, cross-linker and drug concentrations on the release of ABHCl was discussed. It was observed that ABHCl release from the beads increased with the increasing N-VP upto 30%, and then decreases beyond this concentration. It was also observed that, as GA and ABHCl concentration increases, rate of drug release decreases. The highest ABHCl release upto 12 h was obtained is 98.5%% for beads cross-linked with 0.5 mL GA containing 10% monomer and 10% ABHCl. From these studies, it was observed that SA on grafting with N-VP showed variation in drug release profiles. C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 00: 1-13, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

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Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating polymer network beads for controlled release of acebutolol hydrochloride

Prasad

Swamy

Mallikarjuna

et al. 2011

Adv Polym Technol

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γ‐Irradiation effects on the thermal and structural characteristics of modified, grafted polypropylene

Khalil

El‐Sawy

El-Shobaky

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effects of both the degree of grafting and ␥ irradiation on the thermal stability and structural characteristic of polypropylene-graft-polyvinylpyrrolidone and polypropylene-graft-polyvinylpyrrolidone modified with ␣-cyano-␦-(2-thienyl) crotononitrile were investigated. The employed techniques were thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability of various polymeric substrates was investigated through the determination of the degradation temperature and activation energy of degradation. The effects of different parameters on the structural characteristics of different films were investigated through the determination of possible changes in the degree of ordering of the polymeric substrates. The results revealed that the thermal stability of the trunk polymer, grafted polymer, and polymer modified by ␣-cyano-␦-(2-thienyl) crotononitrile increased progressively with an increasing degree of grafting. The increase was, however, more pronounced for the sample undergoing the lowest degree of grafting. The activation energy of the thermal degradation process remained almost unchanged, and this indicated that the degradation processes of the different films followed almost the same mechanism. The ␥ irradiation at a dose of 60 kGy of the sulfur-treated polymeric films [i.e., the polymeric films treated with ␣-cyano-␦-(2-thienyl) crotononitrile] reduced their thermal stability. This conclusion was reached by the consideration of the changes observed in the pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation due to different chemical and ␥-irradiation treatments. The degree of ordering, evidenced by X-ray diffraction measurements of the trunk polymer, grafted polymer, and modified polymer, suffered a significant drop. This drop was much more pronounced for the sulfur-containing polymeric materials. The observed drop in the degree of ordering of the polymeric substrates was taken as a measure of the structure collapse due to a certain treatment (degree of grafting and sulfur inclusion). The ␥ irradiation of the sulfur-containing polymeric materials greatly increased their degree of ordering, which reached a value greater than that measured for the trunk polymer. Therefore, it was concluded that the thermal stability increased as the degree of ordering decreased.

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Graft copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone onto sodium carboxymethylcellulose with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator

Yi̇ği̇toğlu

Işıklan

Özmen

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Graft copolymers of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone were prepared in aqueous solutions with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The graft copolymers [sodium carboxymethylcellulose-g-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)] were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The grafting parameters, including the graft yield of the graft copolymer and the grafting efficiency of the reaction, were evaluated comparatively. The effects of reaction variables such as the time, temperature, and monomer and initiator concentrations on these parameters were studied. The graft yield and grafting efficiency increased and then decreased with increasing concentrations of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and azobisisobutyronitrile and increasing polymerization temperatures. The optimum temperature and polymerization time were 708C and 4.30 h, respectively. Further changes in the properties of grafted sodium carboxymethylcellulose, such as the intrinsic viscosity, were determined. The overall activation energy for the grafting was also calculated to be 10.5 kcal/mol. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 936-943, 2007

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Investigation of radiation-grafted and radiation-modifiedN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto polypropylene film

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating polymer network beads for controlled release of acebutolol hydrochloride

Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating polymer network beads for controlled release of acebutolol hydrochloride

γ‐Irradiation effects on the thermal and structural characteristics of modified, grafted polypropylene

Graft copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone onto sodium carboxymethylcellulose with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator

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