Intoxicação por veneno de sapo em um canino

Sonne, Luciana; Rozza, Daniela Bernadete; Wolffenbüttel, Adriana Nunes; Meirelles, Adriana Érica Wilkes Burton; Pedroso, Pedro Miguel Ocampos; Oliveira, Eduardo Conceição de; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008000600050

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the case of a predator biting a toad, the poison released from the parotoid makes contact with the oral mucosa reaching the blood stream. It causes intense salivation and excitation, paralysis, trembling, and convulsions, very often leading to death [13–17]. In addition to these organismic effects, experimental essays with parotoid secretions revealed antimicrobial activities [9, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences and Similarities among Parotoid Macrogland Secretions in South American Toads: A Preliminary Biochemical Delineation

Sciani

Angeli

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Amphibians are known by cutaneous glands, spread over the skin, containing toxins (proteins, peptides, biogenic amines, steroidal bufadienolides, and alkaloids) used as chemical defense against predators and microbial infection. Toads are characterized by the presence of parotoid macroglands. The common toads have lately been divided into two genera: Bufo (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and Rhinella (South America). Basal Rhaebo genus is exclusively of Central America and Amazon region. Although Rhinella and Rhaebo are related, species may share differences due to the diversity of environments that they live in. In this work, we have performed a biochemical characterization of the components of the poison of eight Rhinella species and one Rhaebo by means of RP-HPLC with either UV or MS detection and by SDS-PAGE, in order to verify whether phylogenetic and biological differences, such as habitat, diet, and defensive strategies, between them may also be reflected in poison composition. Although some components were common among the secretions, we were able to identify exclusive molecules to some species. The fact that closely related animals living in different habitats secrete different molecules into the skin is an indication that biological features, and not only evolution, seem to directly influence the skin secretion composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences and Similarities among Parotoid Macrogland Secretions in South American Toads: A Preliminary Biochemical Delineation

Sciani

Angeli

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Changes in this organ were also observed in poisoned humans, as demonstrated by kidney congestion and hydropic degeneration of the proximal tubular epithelial cells [ 27 ]. Corticomedullary congestion, mild glomerular synechiae, and presence of protein in the tubular lumen and urinary space were previously shown in toad toxins-treated dogs [ 19 , 24 ]. On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that chickens are sensitive to the nephrotoxic effects of toad toxins, similar to humans and dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In 3 cases, pleural hemorrhage was detected [ 27 ]. The lungs of dogs experimentally treated with approximately 22 mg/kg of the R. marina crude venom showed congestion and pulmonary edema with mild perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and moderate alveolar emphysema [ 19 , 24 ]. In this study, the administration of toad venom to chickens resulted in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in the lungs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Effects of Toad (Rhinella jimiStevaux, 2002) Venom in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Gadelha

Lima

Batista

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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This study aimed to evaluate the pathological changes that occur after administering different doses of R. jimi (Stevaux, 2002) parotoid glands secretion to Gallus gallus domesticus chicks. Twenty-three animals were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups that received a toad venom dose of 0, 3.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 25.0 mg/kg. After 48 h, the necropsy and pathological examinations were performed. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any group. Macroscopically, hepatomegaly, areas of liver necrosis, splenomegaly, necrotic and hemorrhagic cardiac regions, hydropericardium, dark necrotic lesions of Meckel's diverticulum, and hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys were detected. Histopathological changes included diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, severe sinusoidal congestion, focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma, swollen cardiac fibers, necrotic myocardial fibers, moderate to acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, necrosis of renal tubules, and extensive hemorrhagic areas below the brain and cerebellar meninges. In conclusion, pathological changes of the R. jimi toxins in chicks were noted in the heart, spleen, liver, Meckel's diverticulum, lungs, and kidneys. Most of the changes were similar to those observed in humans and animals exposed to toxins from other toad species.

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“…In Brazil, many species are found (1)(2)(3). Although some are venomous, not all toads produce secretions with sufficient toxicity to cause death in animals (1,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toad poisoning in three dogs: case reports

Barbosa¹,

Medeiros²,

Costa³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:Toad poisoning is frequent in dogs, but has been infrequently addressed in published case reports and review articles. Dogs can be poisoned when they bite a toad or otherwise ingest the venom. The venom effects manifest soon after the accident, since the toxin is rapidly absorbed by the mucous membrane of the digestive system. Hospital records of three dogs, diagnosed with toad poisoning, were retrospectively reviewed from January 2005 to July 2007. Poisoned dogs may present only local irritation or systemic signs in the gastrointestinal, cardiac and neurological systems. All three cases presented herein had clinical signs of gastrointestinal alterations including vomiting, sialorrhea and diarrhea. Two dogs developed abnormal cardiac rhythm and two exhibited neurological signs. A poisoned animal requires emergency care and symptomatic therapy with intense monitoring of its clinical parameters. Although there have been reports on the low mortality of dogs poisoned by toads, one animal died even after appropriate therapy. The severity of clinical signs and the risk of death must be considered by the veterinarian.KEY WORDS: veterinary emergency, poisoning, toad venom, bufotoxin, Bufo sp., dog.

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Intoxicação por veneno de sapo em um canino

Abstract: RESUMO O sapo do gênero

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Differences and Similarities among Parotoid Macrogland Secretions in South American Toads: A Preliminary Biochemical Delineation

Differences and Similarities among Parotoid Macrogland Secretions in South American Toads: A Preliminary Biochemical Delineation

Toxicity Effects of Toad (Rhinella jimiStevaux, 2002) Venom in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Toad poisoning in three dogs: case reports

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