Intelligent adaptive LFC via power flow management of integrated standalone micro-grid system

Ramesh, M.; Yadav, Anil Kumar; Pathak, Pawan Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2020.12.002

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…SPV is a generation unit with the property of sustainable and pollution‐free operation but bulky for transportation. The energy generation via SPV is stochastic in nature and dependent upon the solar insolation and temperature [84, 85]. The tracking efficacy of the SPV panel is very low and falls under the range of 7–19% [4, 102].…”

Section: Topological Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell‐based topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converters for hybrid electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Pathak

Yadav

Padmanaban

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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In the last few decades, the utilization of fuel cells (FCs) in the automotive industry has created much attention due to easy use, modular structure, and higher efficacy. In the future, technological evolutions reveal that FC driven electric vehicles (EVs) will grow at a rapid pace and will become an excellent alternative to conventional vehicles. This paper discusses a detailed topological classification of the FC‐based hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). In these FCHEVs, one of the critical elements is the DC–DC power converter unit. The hybridization of FCs with the other power sources requires more converter units that make the system complex. A multi‐input DC–DC power converter is used to connect more than one energy source to reduce the system's complexity and improve the overall system efficacy. In this survey, numerous articles have been considered and examined vividly. An assessment of present and future scenarios of FCs based power source topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converter topologies used in HEV is presented. This survey provides a deep insight into the topic for the researchers and engineers working in this field.

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Section: Topological Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell‐based topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converters for hybrid electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Pathak

Yadav

Padmanaban

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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“…A sliding mode control approach is implemented to design a robust controller [16]. In order to improve the performance of the control scheme, other advanced control approaches based on H-infinity [30], sliding modes [31], fuzzy logic control [32,33], artificial neural network-based [34], adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system [35], disturbance observer-based fractional control [36], nonlinear disturbance observer [37], modified tilted control approach [38], delay-dependent control approach including electric vehicles, and constant and varying loads [39,46] and fractional control approach [40] are discussed. In Ref.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [33], an intelligent LFC scheme for a standalone MG system is demonstrated. In this, the authors have used an improved IC MPPT scheme to harvest power from PV, and a fuzzy observer-based control approach is chosen for the wind energy conversion system.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional Cascade LFC for Distributed Energy Sources via Advanced Optimization Technique Under High Renewable Shares

et al. 2022

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Unpredictable high renewable shares in standalone microgrid (MG) system with stochastic load demands introduces an unavoidable mismatch among loads and sources. This mismatch directly impacts the system frequency that can be mitigated via applying a suitable load frequency control (LFC) scheme. This brief proposes a maiden attempt of marine predator algorithm (MPA) assisted one plus proportional derivative with filter-fractional order proportional-integral ((1+PDF)-FOPI) controller to obtain the proper power flow management among loads and sources. The investigated MG system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a wind turbine (WT) generator (WTG), and a diesel engine generator (DG) as the distributed energy sources, and an ultracapacitor (UC) and a flywheel are chosen as the energy storage elements (ESEs). Various system nonlinearities such as governor dead-band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC) are also considered reflecting the practical scenario. Five state-of-the-art optimization techniques and three traditional controllers, PID, FOPID, and PI-PD, are vividly compared to assess the proposed scheme's performance. The parametric uncertainties are considered to obtain the robust performance of the proposed control scheme. An eigenvalues-based stability evaluation of the considered plant employing the proposed LFC scheme is also included in this work. In the worst situation, the maximum frequency deviation is obtained as -0.016 Hz, which is entirely satisfactory and under the range of the IEEE standard. Finally, a modified New England IEEE-39 test bus system is chosen to perform the real-time validation.

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“…LFC is a secondary control strategy that regulates the power flow in a network in case of load variation, source power variation, or unpredicted large tie line loss between two interconnected areas, thereby bounding

\Delta f

within the specified limit. So far, many controllers have been designed and reported to address the problem of LFC, such as optimal control [21], PI/PID controller [22–24], robust adaptive and self‐tuning control [25, 26], internal model control [23, 27], fuzzy‐neural based control [28], and intelligent controller [29–31]. In SPV‐based HRES, the system power generation largely depends on the solar insolation level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for SPV‐based grid‐tied and stand‐alone systems

Pathak

Padmanaban

Yadav

et al. 2021

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper deals with power generation through solar photovoltaic (SPV) system and its implementation as grid‐tied and stand‐alone systems. The major setbacks of SPV system of low conversion efficacy, that can be enhanced through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. A modified incremental conductance (MIC), termed as error based incremental conductance MPPT, has been proposed, and its behaviour is comprehensively compared with classical perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC) techniques. Dealing with the on‐grid application of SPV system, maximum power obtained through MIC is fed to a three‐phase grid operating at unity power factor (UPF), and the quality of grid current is monitored. Further, the power obtained through MIC finds its application in designing an SPV‐diesel generator (DG) based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for areas either not connected to the grid or have insufficient fossils. The stochastic nature of source or uncertain load demand leads to deviation in system frequency. This paper proposes an intelligent, comprehensive supervisory optimal‐fuzzy‐proportional‐integral‐derivative (O‐F‐PID) controller for load frequency control (LFC). The performance of proposed O‐F‐PID controller has been vividly compared with the designed optimal‐PID (O‐PID) and conventional PID (C‐PID) controllers under varying source and load demand conditions.

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Intelligent adaptive LFC via power flow management of integrated standalone micro-grid system

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Fuel cell‐based topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converters for hybrid electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Fuel cell‐based topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converters for hybrid electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Fractional Cascade LFC for Distributed Energy Sources via Advanced Optimization Technique Under High Renewable Shares

Modified incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for SPV‐based grid‐tied and stand‐alone systems

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