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The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.

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In the last few decades, the utilization of fuel cells (FCs) in the automotive industry has created much attention due to easy use, modular structure, and higher efficacy. In the future, technological evolutions reveal that FC driven electric vehicles (EVs) will grow at a rapid pace and will become an excellent alternative to conventional vehicles. This paper discusses a detailed topological classification of the FC‐based hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). In these FCHEVs, one of the critical elements is the DC–DC power converter unit. The hybridization of FCs with the other power sources requires more converter units that make the system complex. A multi‐input DC–DC power converter is used to connect more than one energy source to reduce the system's complexity and improve the overall system efficacy. In this survey, numerous articles have been considered and examined vividly. An assessment of present and future scenarios of FCs based power source topologies and multi‐input DC–DC power converter topologies used in HEV is presented. This survey provides a deep insight into the topic for the researchers and engineers working in this field.