Integrating plug-in electric vehicles into power grids: A comprehensive review on power interaction mode, scheduling methodology and mathematical foundation

Zheng, Yudian; Niu, Shuangxia; Shang, Yitong; Shao, Ziyun; Jian, Linni

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.059

Cited by 182 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Spinning reserve is With the increasing level of EV penetration, the associated technical issues, e.g., system imbalance, decreased stability, and power quality, as well as increased system cost, are becoming more prominent, due to additional energy and power demand. The unidirectional approach, i.e., G2V mode, has been extensively studied in the literature in the form of topics like smart charging [19], safety [20], and control features [21]. The focus of these studies is on minimizing the charging cost [22] or minimizing the impact on the distribution system [23,24].…”

Section: Ev Interaction With the Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Distribution Network: A Review of PV Based Electric Vehicle Modelling

2020

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of a prominent solution for the sustainability issues needing dire attention like global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Conversely, EVs are shown to emit higher emissions (measured from source to tailpipe) for the fossil fuel-based countries, which necessitates renewable energy sources (RES) for maximizing EV benefits. EVs can also act as a storage system, to mitigate the challenges associated with RES and to provide the grid with ancillary services, such as voltage regulation, frequency regulation, spinning reserve, etc. For extracting maximum benefits from EVs and minimizing the associated impact on the distribution network, modelling optimal integration of EVs in the network is required. This paper focuses on reviewing the state-of-the-art literature on the modelling of grid-connected EV-PV (photovoltaics) system. Further, the paper evaluates the uncertainty modelling methods associated with various parameters related to the grid-connected EV-PV system. Finally, the review is concluded with a summary of potential research directions in this area. The paper presents an evaluation of different modelling components of grid-connected EV-PV system to facilitate readers in modelling such system for researching EV-PV integration in the distribution network.

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Section: Ev Interaction With the Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Distribution Network: A Review of PV Based Electric Vehicle Modelling

2020

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“…A comprehensive review on scheduling methodologies and mathematical optimization approaches for the V2G implementation is provided in Ref. [20].…”

Section: Literature Review On V2g Optimization Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Energy and Reserve Market Management in Renewable Microgrid-PEVs Parking Lot Systems: V2G, Demand Response and Sustainability Costs

2020

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Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology heralds great promise as a demand-side resource to contribute to more efficient grid management and promote the use of decentralized renewable energy. In this light, we propose a new optimization model for the sustainable energy and reserve market management in renewable-driven microgrid (RMG) plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) parking lot systems. The RMG is composed of a hybrid photovoltaic/wind/hydrogen energy and storage system, along with local dispatchable generation units and bidirectional grid connection. The RMG is coupled to a smart PEVs parking lot, which is equipped with grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and V2G technologies allowing for not only PEVs aggregation and control but also optimal allocation of energy resources. Time-of-use (TOU) prices are considered in a demand response program (DRP) to enhance both economic and environmental performances by encouraging end-users to shift their energy demands from peak to off-peak time periods. Additionally, the model accounts for an economic incentive to PEVs owners to compensate for battery degradation. The integrated system eco-efficiency is evaluated through the application of the novel life cycle assessment-based Eco-cost indicator. The resulting mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize sustainability costs is implemented in GAMS and solved to global optimality. Different case studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modelling approach. Energy analyses results reveal that the optimal G2V-V2G operation, allied to TOU prices in a DRP, and reserve market management can reduce around 42% the energy and environmental costs of the RMG-PEVs parking lot system.

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“…The mathematical model to evaluate vehicle fuel consumption and pollution emission in a driving cycle using the combined method of power regulation has been developed in scientific papers. Fuel economy modeling is closely linked to vehicle weight, which is increasing by 4.7% annually on cars sold in the Chinese market since 2015 [43], therefore, modeling of exhaust emissions and energy sustainability is performed [44], which is heavily dependent on the interests of energy distribution companies [45]. The assessment of pollutions emissions is related to the promotion of green vehicle use [46], both with an efficient quantified risk assessment [47] resulting from the use of floating vehicle data [48] and on the optimization of control strategy to reduce fuel consumption [49], fuel consumption software (P∆P) [50], interactions between vehicles and pedestrians [51], and vehicle routing problems [52].…”

Section: Theoretical Substantiation Of Possible Improvement Of Fuel Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation

et al. 2020

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One of the disadvantages of spark ignition engines, whose power is regulated by throttling, is the increased fuel consumption at low loads and when the engine is idle. The combined method of engine power regulation by switching off the cylinder group and throttling working cylinders is one of the effective ways to improve fuel economy in the above-mentioned modes. This article presents the research results of the combined method of engine power regulation which can be realized by minor structural changes in operating conditions. The method implies the following: at low loads and at idle speed of the engine. Fuel supply to the group of cylinders is switched off with the simultaneous increase of the cyclic fuel supply in the working cylinders. The adequacy of the calculated results has been checked by the indication of operating processes in switched off and working cylinders. The research results of a six-cylinder spark ignition engine with the distributed gasoline injection using the combined power regulation system have been shown. The angles of opening the throttle which provides a non-shock transition from the operation with all cylinders to the operation with the cylinder group switched off have been determined.Energies 2020, 13, 1076 2 of 19 forced idling. In this case, most of the time cars move at a low speed, with the engine running at low loads and at idle speed.Operating modes of automobile engines under operating conditions have been investigated in many papers. At low speed and low load, high heat transfer and combustion losses occur, directly affecting engine operating conditions [1]. In most cases, these actual engine operating conditions are not reflected in standardized driving cycles and, sometimes, summaries of experimentally-derived cycles are also used to evaluate traffic jams [2]. Design changes, such as ceramic-coated engines, have also been used to reduce heat loss, which, when used in combination with biodiesel as fuel, have shown optimum engine operating conditions [3]. This effect is also noticeable when using triglyceride-based biodiesel as fuel [4]. Hydroxyl gas can also be used as an indicator to improve engine natural conditions, resulting in higher thermal efficiency and improved exhaust emissions [5]. The possible use of biobutanol as another source of biofuels and similar trends in engine operating conditions due to its higher oxidative stability [6] as a spark ignition [7], as a compression ignition engines [8]. It is also known that the use of alcohol additives in petrol improves its properties and achieves an ecological effect [9]. The EGR system shows a different reduction in cycle pressure [10] which is noticeable when operating small engines [11]. Studies [12][13][14][15] shows that the basic operating modes of both freight and passenger vehicles moving in cities are part speed and loading modes. They involve acceleration, steady mode, and active and forced idling while driving and braking the car. Most of the time the vehicular engines run the open throttle or with a fuel s...

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Integrating plug-in electric vehicles into power grids: A comprehensive review on power interaction mode, scheduling methodology and mathematical foundation

Cited by 182 publications

References 65 publications

Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Distribution Network: A Review of PV Based Electric Vehicle Modelling

Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Distribution Network: A Review of PV Based Electric Vehicle Modelling

Optimal Energy and Reserve Market Management in Renewable Microgrid-PEVs Parking Lot Systems: V2G, Demand Response and Sustainability Costs

Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation

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