Insidensi Virus dan Cendawan pada Biji dan Umbi Bawang Merah

Abstract

Incidence of Viruses and Fungi on True Shallot Seed and Shallot Bulb Shallot is an important vegetable in Indonesia. Shallot farmers generally use bulbs as planting material even though there is an option to use true shallot seed (TSS). One important criteria for a good seed quality as planting material is pathogen free. Research was conducted to detect and identify viruses and fungi from TSS and shallot seed bulbs cultivars Bima, Bauji, Thailand, and Tuk-Tuk. Virus detection was carried out by DIBA (dot immunobinding assay) method using specific antiserum to OYDV, SLV, SYSV, and GCLV. Detection and identification of fungi was carried out by blotter test method and polymerase chain reaction. Infection of OYDV, GCLV, SYSV, and SLV were only detected in shallot bulbs with infection rates ranging from 66% to 100%. Four species of fungi were detected in TSS and bulbs, i.e. Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, F. solani, and Rhizopus sp; whereas F.oxysporum was only found in bulbs. All isolates of F. oxysporum was pathogenic and cause disease incidence up to 55%. Pathogenic isolate of F. oxysporum had 100% homology to those isolate from China and USA on the spesies level and 91.2% to those isolate from India and USA to the forma spesies level.

Pengaruh Lama dan Ruang Simpan terhadap Perkecambahan Benih True Shallot Seed (TSS)

“…Oleh karena itu, penggunaan biji botani bawang merah (true shallot seed/TSS) sebagai bahan tanam merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah (Nani Sumarni, Rosliani, et al, 2012). Beberapa keuntungan menggunakan TSS adalah volume kebutuhan TSS lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan umbi bibit sehingga pengangkutan dan penyimpanannya lebih mudah, menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih sehat (Saputri et al, 2018), menghasilkan umbi berukuran lebih besar (Pangestuti & Sulistyaningsih, 2011) dan secara ekonomi lebih menguntungkan (Maintang et al, 2019;Makhziah et al, 2019;H. S. P. Rahayu et al, 2019).…”

“…S. P. Rahayu et al, 2019;Roessali et al, 2019;Sembiring, Muharam, et al, 2018;, teknis budidaya TSS (Maintang et al, 2019;Napitupulu et al, 2018;Pernando & Damanhuri, 2019;Rosliani & Basuki, 2013;Sopha, GA, Sumarni, N, Setiawati, W & Balai, 2015;Gina Aliya Sopha & Basuki, 2010;Gina Alya Sopha et al, 2017;N. Sumarni & Rosliani, 2010;Nani Sumarni, Sopha, et al, 2012), produksi benih TSS (Fahrianty et al, 2020;Hilman et al, 2014;Kurniasari et al, 2017;Endah R. Palupi et al, 2017;Endah Retno Palupi et al, 2015;Rosliani et al, 2012Rosliani et al, , 2014Gina A Sopha et al, 2014;Nani Sumarni et al, 2016), hama penyakit pada tanaman TSS (Saputri et al, 2018), perlakuan benih TSS sebelum tanam (Agung & Diara, 2019;Haring et al, 2019;Thoriqussalam & Damanhuri, 2019), viabilitas benih TSS (Andayani, 2020; Megawati et al, 2020;Siburian & Siregar, 2019;Sinaga et al, 2016). Namun sedikit sekali penelitian terkait penyimpanan benih TSS di Indonesia.…”

The Effect of Smoking Treatment on Infection Level, Dormancy, and Physiological Quality of Shallot Seed

“…Fusarium oxysporum is the most important fungal pathogen in shallot cultivation. The attack of this pathogen causes damage (rot) at the base of the tuber and is reported to cause a decrease in yield of 50% to 100% (Saputri et al, 2019;Wiyatiningsih et al, 2009). Further postharvest handling aimed at controlling tuber-borne pathogens needs to be carried out.…”

Meristem Culture Method for Virus Elimination from Shallot Bulb

“…Hal ini disebabkan produksi biji secara generatif (true shallot seed/TSS) sulit dilakukan karena hambatan kondisi iklim. Penggunaan umbi sebagai bahan perbanyakan dapat meningkatkan risiko penularan penyakit, terutama yang disebabkan oleh virus (Saputri et al 2018). Beberapa spesies virus, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), dan Shallot latent virus (SLV) dilaporkan tular umbi dengan efisiensi yang sangat tinggi (Harti et al 2018;Wulandari et al 2015).…”