The availability of qualified and sustainable seeds is one of the determinants of the success of shallot farming. One of the constraints factor in the supply of shallot seeds is the short storage period that is about 2-3 months. This study aims to determine the effect of varieties and seed storage period on growth and yield shallots. This research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The study was designed using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was seed storage period for four months, five months and six months after harvest and the subplot was varieties, consisting of seven varieties that have been released, namely Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Trisula, Pancasona and Mentes. The results showed that the yield of wet bulbs per hectare of five-months-storage period bulb seeds was significantly higher than six months storage period for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes. Five-months-storage period of shallot bulb seeds can still be used as a source of seeds for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes.
The main diseases that commonly attack shallots include purple blotch disease (Alternaria porri), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) and Stemphylium vesicarium. Purple blotch disease can cause yield losses of 3-57%. The research is aimed to measure the response of Trichoderma sp and other varieties to the growth and development of shallot disease. The study was conducted at IP2TP Margahayu Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), in August - November 2019. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of three varieties which are Batu Ijo, Sumenep, Trisula, Violeta 1, Maja Cipanas, and Ambasador in combination with Trichoderma and without Trichoderma. Results for the parameters of plant height and number of leaves showed that varieties that have been Trichoderma applied have reached higher height than those without Trichoderma. Ambasador showed the highest plant height (46.27 cm) and the highest number of leaves (44.16 cm). A The intensity of the purple blotch disease attacks A. porri (0.67-8,00%) and S. vesicarium (6.67-23.33%) on all varieties treated with Trichoderma lower than without Trichoderma s for the number of tillers, it is almost the same as an average of 6-7 tillers, except for Sumenep that has only 3-4 seedlings. For wet weight and dry weight per clump in the varieties applied to Trichoderma, the weight per clump is higher than those without Trichoderma, and yet wet weight and dry weight for Batu Ijo without Trichoderma application are relatively similar.
The escalating demand of shallot has forced the increase of domestic production, including through extension of harvest area by utilization of arable land on peatland. This study was aimed to analyze genetic profile of shallot adapted in peatland areas using SSR markers. Twenty-one shallot genotypes were tested in the field and eighteen primers dispersed throughout the genome was applied to analyze genetic diversity of the peatland-adapted shallots. Phenotypic evaluation revealed that shallot yield potential ranged from 6.66 to 14.21 t/ha. Of these, seven shallot clones (11 NA, 1111 TA, 12 NA, 12 NC, 20 NA and 22 N) had good yield potential and comparable with those of five released shallot varieties. Nine out of 12 shallot clones were moderately resistant to Alternaria porii. Clustering analysis showed that shallot genotypes were clustered into two main groups, Clustered I and II which consisted of 13 and 8 genotypes, respectively. The closest genetic relatedness was observed between 8NC and 8NA (0.85), while the farthest ones was between 11NA and Kramat2 (0.51). This result implies that cross combination between 11NA and Kramat2 is valuable and suitable for breeding programs aimed at improving shallot potential yield in the future.
Komoditas bawang merah merupakan komoditas strategis dan memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi serta tidak dapat disubstitusi dengan komoditas lain. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi dan pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung antara karakter pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil terhadap hasil bawang merah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan September sampai dengan November 2019 di Lembang (Kab. Bandung Barat), Pacet (Kab. Bandung), dan Samarang, (Kab. Garut). Materi penelitian ini meliputi 12 genotipe bawang merah yaitu klon B1, klon B19, klon B63, klon B72, klon B77, klon B102, klon B222, Trisula, Bali karet, Maja cipanas, Bima brebes dan Sumenep. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan di setiap lokasi adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK),diulang 3 (tiga) kali. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif sangat nyata antara karakter panjang daun, dan berat basah umbi per rumpun terhadap hasil umbi basah per hektar di semua lokasi pengujian. Karakter panjang daun merupakan karakter yang berkorelasi positif sangat nyata dan memiliki pengaruh langsung positif sangat tinggi terhadap hasil umbi basah per hektar di seluruh lokasi pengujian di dataran tinggi. Seleksi bawang merah untuk meningkatkan hasil umbi basah per hektar di dataran tinggi dapat dilakukan secara langsung melalui karakter pertumbuhan yaitu panjang daun.
Bawang merah merupakan komoditas utama di Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai bumbu masak dan obat, sehingga ketersediaannya sepanjang tahun sangat penting untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi benih 14 varietas bawang merah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah di KP. Margahayu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang (1.250 m dpl) dari bulan Agustus s.d. Oktober 2020. Materi yang digunakan berupa 14 varietas bawang merah dari Badan Penelitian dan pengembangan Pertanian (Balitbangtan), yaitu: Sembrani, Maja Cipanas, Bima Brebes, Kuning, Trisula, Mentes, Kramat 1, Violetta 1 Agrihorti, Violetta 2 Agrihorti, Violetta 3 Agrihorti, Ambassador 1 Agrihorti, Ambassador 2 Agrihorti, Ambassador 3 Agrihorti, dan Ambassador 4 Agrihorti. Pertumbuhan 14 varietas bawang merah selama penanaman cukup baik. Ambassador 3 Agrihorti menunjukkan tinggi tanaman dan panjang daun tertinggi dibanding varietas lainnya, yaitu masing-masing 41,80 cm dan 34,72 cm. Berat benih per rumpun berkisar antara 31,00-64,61 gram. Violetta 2 Agrihorti menunjukkan jumlah umbi per rumpun, berat basah per rumpun, berat kering eskip umbi per rumpun, dan berat benih per rumpun tertinggi dibanding varietas lainnya, yaitu masing-masing 9,70 umbi; 144,53 gram, 85,69 gram dan 31,59 gram. Sedangkan berat benih per plot tertinggi terdapat pada varietas Sembrani. Pertumbuhan dan produksi benih bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh varietas.
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