Insect Vector Interactions with Persistently Transmitted Viruses

Abstract

The majority of described plant viruses are transmitted by insects of the Hemipteroid assemblage that includes aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips. In this review we highlight progress made in research on vector interactions of the more than 200 plant viruses that are transmitted by hemipteroid insects beginning a few hours or days after acquisition and for up to the life of the insect, i.e., in a persistent-circulative or persistent-propagative mode. These plant viruses move through the insect vector, from the gut lumen into the hemolymph or other tissues and finally into the salivary glands, from which these viruses are introduced back into the plant host during insect feeding. The movement and/or replication of the viruses in the insect vectors require specific interactions between virus and vector components. Recent investigations have resulted in a better understanding of the replication sites and tissue tropism of several plant viruses that propagate in insect vectors. Furthermore, virus and insect proteins involved in overcoming transmission barriers in the vector have been identified for some virus-vector combinations.

The virulence–transmission trade-off in vector-borne plant viruses: a review of (non-)existing studies

“…Such viruses seem to hijack a constitutive endocytosis -exocytosis mechanism without greatly perturbing cell metabolism (Hogenhout et al 2008;Brault et al 2010). To be transmitted, these viruses require a relatively long acquisition time compared with non-circulative viruses (ranging from hours to days) and a latent time, i.e.…”

Interaction between non-structural protein Pns10 of rice dwarf virus and cytoplasmic actin of leafhoppers is correlated with insect vector specificity

“…Plant reoviruses, plant rhabdoviruses, tospoviruses and tenuiviruses are transmitted by insect vectors in a persistent-propagative manner (Hogenhout et al, 2008). These viruses induce the formation of virus inclusions composed of viral non-structural proteins to facilitate viral propagation in insect vectors (Hogenhout et al, 2008).…”

“…The vector specificity of plant viruses is common in nature, and describes the specific relationship between virus and vector (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Ammar, et al, 2009). Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a phytoreovirus in the family Reoviridae, is transmitted mainly by the leafhopper species Nephotettix cincticeps in a persistent-propagative manner (Honda et al, 2007).…”

“…Furthermore, our preliminary test also indicated that a continuous cell line of R. dorsalis displayed a low susceptibility to RDV infection compared with a cell line of N. cincticeps. The specificity of a plant virus for its vector can be explained by transmission barriers posed by different tissues in the insects (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Jia et al, 2012a;Markham et al, 1984). RDV encounters multiple barriers in its path from the intestine to the salivary gland of N. cincticeps .…”

Variations of Incidence, Types of Virus Diseases and Insect Vector Populations of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Grown in Different Agroecological Regions of Sri Lanka under Two Crop Management Systems

“…It is transmitted by whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Cohen & Lapidot, 2007). TSWV and TCTV are transmitted by thrips and leafhoppers respectively (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Bennett, 1971).…”