Interaction between non-structural protein Pns10 of rice dwarf virus and cytoplasmic actin of leafhoppers is correlated with insect vector specificity

Chen, Qian; Wang, Haitao; Ren, Tangyu; Xie, Liji; Wèi, Tàiyún

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000022

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The ability of rice reoviruses to spread in the intestinal epithelium also determines vector competence. For example, the interaction between nonstructural protein Pns10 of RDV and cytoplasmic actin of leafhoppers is correlated with insect vector competence (20,21).…”

Section: Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Reoviruses in Insect Vectors

Wèi

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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138

169

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Rice reoviruses, transmitted by leafhopper or planthopper vectors in a persistent propagative manner, seriously threaten the stability of rice production in Asia. Understanding the mechanisms that enable viral transmission by insect vectors is a key to controlling these viral diseases. This review describes current understanding of replication cycles of rice reoviruses in vector cell lines, transmission barriers, and molecular determinants of vector competence and persistent infection. Despite recent breakthroughs, such as the discoveries of actin-based tubule motility exploited by viruses to overcome transmission barriers and mutually beneficial relationships between viruses and bacterial symbionts, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of transmission mechanisms. Advances in genome sequencing, reverse genetics systems, and molecular technologies will help to address these problems. Investigating the multiple interaction systems among the virus, insect vector, insect symbiont, and plant during natural infection in the field is a central topic for future research on rice reoviruses.

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Section: Vector Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Reoviruses in Insect Vectors

Wèi

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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138

169

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“…For many years, the midgut barrier has been believed to be the principal determinant of vector competence (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). For example, infection of the incompetent insect vectors of Rice dwarf virus and SRBSDV, two plant reoviruses, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a tospovirus, is restricted to the midgut epithelium (7)(8)(9)(10). The inability of incompetent insect vectors to transmit these viruses may be caused by a failure of the virus to efficiently replicate in or disseminate from the midgut epithelium (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus

Lan

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

J Virol

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IMPORTANCE Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are transmitted via insect vectors. The first bottleneck in viral infection, the midgut epithelium, is a principal determinant of the ability of an insect species to transmit a virus. Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is restricted exclusively to the midgut epithelium of an incompetent vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH).Here, we show that silencing of the core component Dicer-2 of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway increases viral titers in the midgut epithelium past the threshold (1.99 ؋ 10 9 copies of the SRBSDV P10 gene/g of midgut RNA) for viral dissemination into the midgut muscles and then into the salivary glands, allowing the SBPH to become a competent vector of SRBSDV. This result is the first evidence that the siRNA antiviral pathway has a direct role in the control of viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium and that it affects the competence of the virus's vector. Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are arthropod borne and transmitted via an insect vector. Many plant viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by sap-sucking insects, including planthoppers, leafhoppers, thrips, and aphids (1-3). Plant viruses, when ingested by their insect vectors, establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles (1-3). The viruses then move from the midgut muscles into the hemolymph and finally into the salivary glands, from where they can be introduced into plant hosts (1-3). Efficient viral infection of the midgut epithelium, where initial infection is established, is thus a determinative factor in the ability of an insect species to transmit a certain plant virus.This ability of an insect species to transmit a virus, which has been described as vector competence, is common in nature (4, 5). For many years, the midgut barrier has been believed to be the principal determinant of vector competence (1-9). For example, infection of the incompetent insect vectors of Rice dwarf virus and SRBSDV, two plant reoviruses, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a tospovirus, is restricted to the midgut epithelium (7-10). The inability of incompetent insect vectors to transmit these viruses may be caused by a failure of the virus to efficiently replicate in or disseminate from the midgut epithelium (1-5). It is possible that viral titers in the midgut epithelium of incompetent vectors are unable to reach the threshold needed for viral dissemination. The innate immune response in the midgut epithelium may effectively control viral accumulation, thus blocking viral transmission by incompetent vectors. However, whether the initial antiviral immune pathway(s) in the insect midgut can modulate the competence of plant virus vectors is not unknown.Several mosquito and Drosophila innate immune responses have been reported to have an antiviral effect. These responses include RNA interfere...

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“…Virions move through these tubular structures along actin-based microvilli and through gut muscle tissue in the alimentary canal to facilitate spread throughout the insect body including the salivary glands [50]. RDV Pns10 was also shown to specifically interact with the cytoplasmic actin of N. cincticeps (main vector) but not Recilia dorsalis (inefficient leafhopper vector) suggesting that actin was both important for transmission and virus–vector specificity [51]. The reovirus southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) escapes the initially infected midgut epithelium using tubules to cross the basal lamina barrier in the intestine to facilitate rapid dissemination in the planthopper vector Sogatella furcifera [52,53].…”

Section: Types Of Interactions Of Plant Viruses With the Insect Vementioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNAi is increasingly used for functional genomic studies of vector insects including leafhoppers, aphids and thrips, and to knock down insect proteins that interact with virus proteins [51]. These analyses are aided by emerging insect vector genome and transcriptome resources (), including the genomes of the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and green peach aphid ( M. persicae ).…”

Section: Experimental Approaches To Facilitate Further Insights Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Virus–Insect Vector Interactions: Current and Potential Future Research Directions

Dietzgen

Mann

Johnson

2016

Viruses

189

142

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Acquisition and transmission by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle of the majority of plant pathogenic viruses. Plant viruses can interact with their insect host in a variety of ways including both non-persistent and circulative transmission; in some cases, the latter involves virus replication in cells of the insect host. Replicating viruses can also elicit both innate and specific defense responses in the insect host. A consistent feature is that the interaction of the virus with its insect host/vector requires specific molecular interactions between virus and host, commonly via proteins. Understanding the interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can underpin approaches to protect plants from infection by interfering with virus uptake and transmission. Here, we provide a perspective focused on identifying novel approaches and research directions to facilitate control of plant viruses by better understanding and targeting virus–insect molecular interactions. We also draw parallels with molecular interactions in insect vectors of animal viruses, and consider technical advances for their control that may be more broadly applicable to plant virus vectors.

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Interaction between non-structural protein Pns10 of rice dwarf virus and cytoplasmic actin of leafhoppers is correlated with insect vector specificity

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Rice Reoviruses in Insect Vectors

Rice Reoviruses in Insect Vectors

Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus

Plant Virus–Insect Vector Interactions: Current and Potential Future Research Directions

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