Inhibitory Effects of Akacid®plus on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus

Abstract

The effects of Akacid plus, a novel guanidine-based polymer first introduced as a biocidal and disinfectant agent were studied on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and its aflatoxin (AF) productivity. The fungus was cultured on yeast extract-sucrose (YES) broth in presence of various twofold serial dilutions of 25% Akacid plus (1.5-96 microL/50 mL medium) and then incubated in shaking condition with 150 rev./min at 28 degrees C for 96 h. Based on obtained results, Akacid plus was found to significantly inhibit both growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) synthesis in very low concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Fungal growth inhibition was determined in the range of 9.6-99.6% in mycelia exposed to the total concentration range of 1.5-48 microL. A final concentration of 96 microL was necessary to completely inhibit the growth of fungus. Under similar conditions, AFB1 synthesis was found to be strongly inhibited by 8.1-98.0% in presence of 1.5-24 microL Akacid plus with a maximum of 100% by 48 microL concentration. With respect to the unique physico-chemical properties of Akacid plus, its marked inhibitory effects on A. parasiticus growth and its AFB1 synthesis shown for the first time in this study make it a promising candidate for application in prevention programmes of AF contamination of susceptible crops.

Occurrence and toxigenic potential of Aspergillus section Flavi on wheat and sorghum silages in Uruguay

“…The 70% of atoxigenic strains of A. flavus found in the present study was relatively high, of which 55.3% corresponded to wheat and 65.8% to sorghum. These results are in agreement with those found by da Silva et al ( 2004 ); Katsurayama and Taniwaki ( 2017 ); Mauro et al ( 2013 ); Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al ( 2006 ) and Vaamonde et al ( 2003 ) in wheat, sorghum, maize, rice and soybean. The high frequencies of atoxigenic strains of A. flavus might be associated with the dominance of type-L morphotype found in the current study which is known to have a high incidence of atoxigenic strains (Mauro et al 2013 ).…”

“…Various studies refer to a higher AFs production by isolates with small sclerotia (Garber and Cotty 1997 ; Chang et al 2001 ; Novas and Cabral 2002 ; Barros et al 2006 ) whereas others, report no correlation between sclerotial size and AFs production (Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al 2006 ; Giorni et al 2007 ; Astoreca et al 2011 ). In this work, although one of the S strains produced the highest levels of AFB1 (>15.000 µg/kg), the other strain was not able to produce AFs.…”

“…The L strains produce variable quantities of AFs, and isolates can either be atoxigenic or produce moderate to high levels of AFs; however, the S strains of A. flavus are known to consistently produce higher concentrations of AF (Cotty 1989;Cotty and Cardwell 1999;Chang et al 2001;Novas and Cabral 2002;Probst et al 2010). Despite this, the correlation between sclerotial size and AF production ability has not been observed by other authors (Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al 2006;Giorni et al 2007).…”

Akacid Medical Formulation Induces Apoptosis in Myeloid and Lymphatic Leukemic Cell Lines In Vitro and In Vivo

“…We believe that these results warrant further studies for elucidating AMF-induced apoptosis in detail in vitro and in vivo. In particular, as chemotherapy patients are susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections and AMF also has bactericidal and anti-fungal properties [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], additional research in this area can be expected to provide insights which might be clinically useful.…”

Future directions for use guanidine derivatives in veterinary medicine and agricultural production (review)

“…Різні солі ПГМГ входять до складу таких дезінфектантів іноземного виробництва, як «полісепт», «біопаг», «белопаг», «славін», «вітан», «інкрасепт 10-А», «фосфопаг», «хайгісофт», «акацид плюс» та ін. [4,33,34]. Наприклад, «акацид плюс» у концентраціях 0,05-0,1 % успішно застосовують у медичних закладах країн ЄС для дезінфекції приміщень за наявності мультиантибіотикорезистентних штамів бактерій [35].…”