Occurrence and toxigenic potential of<i>Aspergillus</i>section<i>Flavi</i>on wheat and sorghum silages in Uruguay

Palacio, Agustina del; Pan, Dinorah

doi:10.1080/21501203.2020.1752321

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Aspergillus flavus is usually not an important field contaminant of wheat [ 136 , 137 , 138 ]. It can be problematic in storage [ 136 , 139 ], however, with the rate of contamination potentially increasing with time [ 140 , 141 ].…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Leslie

Moretti

Mesterházy

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.

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Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Leslie

Moretti

Mesterházy

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…The fourth publication found AFB 1 (8%) and fumonisins (4%) in sorghum grains (n = 50) (García y . The fifth publication found 30% of AFs in 80 samples of wheat and sorghum grains (del Palacio and Pan, 2020). Finally, Capelli et al (2019) found AFM 1 in 91.8% of cow milk samples from 18 farms in the country.…”

Section: Uruguaymentioning

confidence: 97%

A mini review of mycotoxin’s occurrence in food in South America in the last 5 years: research gaps and challenges in a climate change era

Foerster,

Müller-Sepúlveda,

Copetti

et al. 2024

Front. Chem. Biol.

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Mycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by species of filamentous fungi belonging mainly to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria, which can grow in various crops and foodstuffs. The South American climate is diverse, varying from tropical, temperate, and arid to cold, ideal for the growth of different types of fungi and mycotoxin production. This mini review aimed to describe the natural occurrence of mycotoxin in food in South America from 2018 to 2023, identifying research gaps and challenges in an era of climate change. We analyzed 53 studies, 21 from Brazil. Most of the mycotoxins analyzed in South America were the traditional and regulated mycotoxins, with variable occurrences depending on the region, climatic conditions, and methodology used. Emerging and modified mycotoxins have only been studied in Argentina and Brazil, where some studies have shown high occurrences. Given this, it is essential to strengthen food safety laboratories and surveillance capabilities and establish early warning systems. It is also essential to continue working to raise awareness of mycotoxins as a public health issue and to study and prevent the impact of climate change on soil microbial population, the new prevalence of fungi, and the profile of toxigenic species. An effective connection and collaboration between disciplines and sectors in different countries is needed to meet this research challenge.

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“…From a public health view and in regard to the SGM complex, A. flavus and its close relative within the Flavi section, A. parasiticus, are of the highest concern within the Aspergillus genus (Sarma et al, 2017). Compared to A. parasiticus, A. flavus has a wide host range, and is much more prevalent in the SGM complex across locations (Amaike and Keller, 2011;Little et al, 2011;Gemede and University, 2016;del Palacio and Pan, 2020). Out of the more than 20 known aflatoxins there are four major aflatoxins which are a focus of studies for their abundance in foods and toxicity: B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1 (Iqbal et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Aspergillus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sorghum Grain Mold Disease Complex: Pathogens, Host Responses, and the Bioactive Metabolites at Play

2021

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Grain mold is a major concern in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production systems, threatening grain quality, safety, and nutritional value as both human food and livestock feed. The crop’s nutritional value, environmental resilience, and economic promise poise sorghum for increased acreage, especially in light of the growing pressures of climate change on global food systems. In order to fully take advantage of this potential, sorghum improvement efforts and production systems must be proactive in managing the sorghum grain mold disease complex, which not only jeopardizes agricultural productivity and profitability, but is also the culprit of harmful mycotoxins that warrant substantial public health concern. The robust scholarly literature from the 1980s to the early 2000s yielded valuable insights and key comprehensive reviews of the grain mold disease complex. Nevertheless, there remains a substantial gap in understanding the complex multi-organismal dynamics that underpin the plant-pathogen interactions involved – a gap that must be filled in order to deliver improved germplasm that is not only capable of withstanding the pressures of climate change, but also wields robust resistance to disease and mycotoxin accumulation. The present review seeks to provide an updated perspective of the sorghum grain mold disease complex, bolstered by recent advances in the understanding of the genetic and the biochemical interactions among the fungal pathogens, their corresponding mycotoxins, and the sorghum host. Critical components of the sorghum grain mold disease complex are summarized in narrative format to consolidate a collection of important concepts: (1) the current state of sorghum grain mold in research and production systems; (2) overview of the individual pathogens that contribute to the grain mold complex; (3) the mycotoxin-producing potential of these pathogens on sorghum and other substrates; and (4) a systems biology approach to the understanding of host responses.

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Occurrence and toxigenic potential ofAspergillussectionFlavion wheat and sorghum silages in Uruguay

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

A mini review of mycotoxin’s occurrence in food in South America in the last 5 years: research gaps and challenges in a climate change era

The Sorghum Grain Mold Disease Complex: Pathogens, Host Responses, and the Bioactive Metabolites at Play

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