Inhibition of abnormal grain growth in BaTiO3 by addition of Al2O3

Effect of a BaO-CuO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass flux, and its processing on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3

“…Step wise mapping of glass composition and density measurement In addition, excess acceptor cation Cu helps suppressing the oxygen vacancy formation when BaTiO 3 is co-fired with electrode at reducing atmosphere [10,11]. Thus, the BaO: CuO (0.8) flux was chosen to be the starting composition.…”

Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Alumina Addition on TiO2-doped Barium Titanate Ceramics

“…From the magnified image in Figure 3(c) there was a formation of secondary phase between the matrix grains. This phase could either be BaAl 2 O 4 or BaTi 3 O 27 as suggested by Fisher et al[3].…”

“…The effect of acceptor dopants on the grain growth of BaTiO 3 is less well known. Acceptor dopants such as CaO and Al 2 O 3 are often present as impurities and are sometimes added as sintering aids and inhibit abnormal grain growth [3,4].…”

Microstructure transition from normal to abnormal grains for BaTiO3

“…13,14 Partly, the abnormal grain growth behaviour of BaTiO 3 has been treated as a model system for the understanding on microstructure control. 13,15,16 The formation of abnormal BaTiO 3 grains depends strongly on its Ba/Ti ratio, 1,3,4,8,[12][13][14][16][17][18][19] the sintering temperature, 3,5,12,[14][15][16]20 the type and amount of impurity 7,[12][13][14][15][16]20 and the sintering atmosphere etc. 3,4,7,8,14,17,18 An excess of TiO 2 in BaTiO 3 is a must for the formation of abnormal grains.…”

“…The presence of {1 1 1} twin assists the formation of large BaTiO 3 platelet. 3,4,7,8,16,17,21 As the sintering temperature is higher than the eutectic temperature, the abnormal grain is equiaxed. 1,21 In the present study, the abnormal grain growth behaviour of barium titanate above the eutectic temperature is investigated.…”