Influência da orientação sobre aleitamento materno no comportamento das usuárias de um hospital universitário

Abstract

Conflict of interest: non-existent diarrhea, malnutrition, respiratory infections, miofunctional orofacial disorders and decreases the risk of allergies, hypertension, high cholesterol rate, diabetes and obesity [1][2][3] .Breastfeeding is a perfect bound between a mother and her child, fulfilling a function of an external "umbilical cord". A breastfeeding woman sees comforted their ability to continue to generate life through the food that she offers 1 . In addition, mothers who breastfeed have a lower chance of developing breast cancer in the future. Breastfeeding may also act as an adjunct in the prevention of a new pregnancy, it has low financial cost, provides satisfaction, and, in advance, creates a motherbaby bound.Currently is recommended exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and maintaining breastfeeding supplemented by two years or more 5 . Despite abundant scientific evidence regarding ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the influence of received guidance about breastfeeding on the knowledge and practices of mothers attending a university hospital. Methods: descriptive observational study conducted with 250 mothers, aged between 18 and 45 years, who were in the Phonoaudiology Clinic for conducting newborn hearing screening and had their babies no later than six months ago. These mothers, who were previously oriented or not, answered a questionnaire about breastfeeding. Results: mothers who received previous guidance showed greater knowledge about: the appropriate age to offer other foods (p = 0.001), the utensils used for food (p = 0.031), the disadvantage of bottlefeeding (p = 0.037) and pacifier (p = 0.019). Only mothers guided both on pre and post-natal reported using a syringe for feeding (p = 0.045). Moreover, the percentage of mothers who breastfeed on demand and new how to store milk was higher among those who had received guidance on the subject (p <0.001 and p = 0.027). The preparation of the breasts was best performed by mothers not previously guided (p = 0.002). Conclusion: this study showed that receiving guidance on breastfeeding did not determine greater knowledge on the subject, emphasizing the need of having a multidisciplinary team working in guidance of mothers as well as the importance of participation of the phonoaudiologist, who is the qualified professional to address issues of prevention of orofacial disorders.

Conhecimento de puérperas sobre amamentação e introdução alimentar

“…Além disso, 77,5% dessas mulheres viviam com o companheiro, assim como encontrado em outro estudo, em que 72% da amostra era de mulheres casadas ou que viviam com o companheiro, fator que pode ser considerado importante, pois a presença do companheiro oferece suporte emocional à mulher nesse período (11) . A Portaria nº 1.067 de 4 de julho de 2005 (12) garante à gestante, durante as consultas de pré-natal, orientação e incentivo para o aleitamento materno e orientação específica para as que não poderão amamentar, contudo 85% das mães que participaram da atual pesquisa e realizaram o pré-natal afirmaram não terem recebido qualquer informação durante a gestação, resultado diferente ao encontrado em outro estudo (13) , em que a minoria das entrevistadas que realizaram pré-natal alegaram não ter recebido alguma orientação referente à amamentação durante esse período.…”

“…Os chás e água são contraindicados, pois podem levar a saciedade, diminuindo a ingestão de leite materno e acarretando em déficit calórico (19) . Quando questionadas sobre os benefícios do aleitamento materno para os bebês, a maior parte das mães entrevistadas no presente estudo citaram o crescimento, ganho de peso e imunidade, dado também encontrado em outros estudos (13,20) . Mesmo com a falta de informação recebida durante o pré-natal, pode-se perceber que as mães apresentam conhecimentos a respeito do aleitamento materno, o que pode ser explicado pelo maior nível de informação fornecido pelas mídias sociais e pela grande ênfase relacionada aos benefícios do aleitamento materno para os bebês em campanhas nacionais (6) .…”

Association between breastfeeding, obstetric factors and child development in Northeast Brazil

“…Regarding the influence of EBF on ND, it was observed that children exclusively breastfed during 6 months have better ND than those breastfed for a shorter time. In recent years, several studies have shown an association between breastfeeding and development from childhood to adulthood 5,19 . Some of them provide evidence that breast milk is the "gold standard" food for brain development 8,18 .…”

“…After this time supplementary nutrition should be initiated in conjunction with breastfeeding, preferably for up to two years of a child's life; this may be important for the physical and mental health of both 5 . The superiority of breast milk is due to its composition rich in essential nutrients and containing adequate amounts of nutrition for the child 5,6 .…”

Agentes comunitários de saúde e o aleitamento materno: desafios relacionados ao conhecimento e à prática

“…Moreover, breast milk is considered a complete food for the baby as it is natural, cheap and safe, thus contributing to the prevention of infections, allergies and non-nutritive sucking habits in the first years of life 2,3 as well as allowing the correct development of orofacial structures 4 . Breastfeeding can also provide immunological protection 5 and favour weight gain 6,7 .…”