Influence of urban particulate air pollution (PM10; PM2.5) on the immune system of children

Hadnagy, W.; Stiller-Winkler, R; Kainka, Eva; Ranft, Ulrich; Idel, Helga

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(98)90681-4

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nanoparticles differ from larger particles in deposition behavior and alveolar clearance efficiency. Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to nanoparticles may cause pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular health effects and immune system impairment (Dockery & Pope, 1994;Hagdnagy, Stiller-Winkler, Kainka, Ranft, & Idel, 1998). Although the epidemiology does not make it clear whether the mass, number or even surface area of particles is the most important determinant of health impact, some toxicological studies demonstrate that nanoparticles exert a much stronger physiological effect than an equivalent mass of coarse particles (Donaldson, Li, & Mac-Nee, 1998;Oberdorster, Ferin, Gelein, Soderholm, & Finkelstein, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of 4.5nm to aerosol particles through fibrous filters

Huang

Chen

Chang

et al. 2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

102

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of 4.5nm to aerosol particles through fibrous filters

Huang

Chen

Chang

et al. 2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

102

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“…Dacunto et al found that the proportion of trace metal (transition metal) elements and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM 2.5 was almost twice that of PM 10 . At least 60% of PM 2.5 –PM 10 is reported to be deposited on the outside of the chest [ 172 , 200 ].…”

Section: Health Effects Of Indoor Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation

Zhang

Magana-Arachchi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed.

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“…Several epidemiological studies suggest that lung and cardiovascular diseases due to the exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are mainly associated with the inhalation of small particles, able to penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract (Dockery and Pope, 1994;Hagdnagy et al, 1998;Oberdörster et al, 2005a). Among these, particular attention has been recently paid to particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter (ultrafine particles, or nanoparticles, NPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Concentration in Atmospheric Particulate Matter: Estimation of Nanoparticle Contribution

Canepari

Padella

Astolfi

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Atmospheric nanoparticles (NPs) are often contained in aggregates or included in larger particles. We show that some of these structures can be crushed in water media by the application of ultrasounds, leading to a suspension of insoluble NPs. The contribution of these NPs to the total elemental concentration is evaluated as the difference between the inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) analysis before and after the elution of the suspension from an ion exchange cartridge. Total elemental content in PM can be therefore fractionated into three contributions -soluble species, solid NPs released from larger structures, insoluble particles -that may likely have different health and environmental effects. The method was applied to both Certified Material NIST 1649a and size-segregated atmospheric PM samples collected by a 13-stage impactor. The results indicate that alkaline and alkaline earth metals are found in the suspension only as watersoluble species, also when they are contained in the fine fraction of PM. Instead, a significant fraction of most elements typically emitted from combustion sources (Pb, Sb, Sn, Cd, V and As) is present in fine PM as insoluble nanoparticles that are easily dispersed in water under ultrasound application

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Influence of urban particulate air pollution (PM10; PM2.5) on the immune system of children

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Penetration of 4.5nm to aerosol particles through fibrous filters

Penetration of 4.5nm to aerosol particles through fibrous filters

Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation

Elemental Concentration in Atmospheric Particulate Matter: Estimation of Nanoparticle Contribution

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