Influence of Tree Cover on Diversity, Carbon Sequestration and Productivity of Cocoa Systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jadán, Oswaldo; Cifuentes, Miguel; Torres, Bolier; Selesi, Daniela; Veintimilla, Darío; Günter, Sven

doi:10.19182/bft2015.325.a31271

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…For most migrant settlers and some Kichwa populations in the SBR, the agricultural systems are made up mainly of cash crops, such as pasture for cattle ( Figure 2), cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), maize (Zea mays L.) and naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam. ), in addition to staple crops, such as yucca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) [48][49][50][51]. These trends are fairly similar to those found in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon Region [37,39,41] and by Vasco et al [52] and Lerner et al [53] in the central and southern Ecuadorian Amazon Region, respectively.…”

Section: Study Area and Agricultural Contextssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This is because chakra provides a plethora of ecosystem services [87] and is, characterized by having a high number of timber-yielding and fruit trees [48,51,56,57,75], edible and medicinal plants [51,54], leaf litter restoration and a minimization process of water erosion compared to monocultures and pastures [70]. Thus, the chakra system is an example of the use of sustainable production to combat biodiversity loss and climate change for small-scale farmers [48,49,51]. This is especially true for the Crop-based LS and Forest-based LS, which have between 80% and 56% in crop areas, respectively.…”

Section: Policy Implication For More Sustainable Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Agricultural Diversification in a Hotspot Area: Evidence from Colonist and Indigenous Communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon

et al. 2018

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With data from a household survey covering migrant settlers and indigenous (Kichwa) communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve (SBR), this study analyses the drivers of agricultural diversification/specialisation, focusing on the role of ethnicity and the livelihood strategies (LS) they follow. Data were collected using the Poverty and Environment Network methodology of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR-PEN). In order to establish the drivers of agricultural diversification, the number of crops and the Shannon index of crops areas were used as the dependent variables in ordinary least square (OLS) models, while a multinomial logit model (MLM) was used to assess a household's degree of diversification. The results of the OLS regression provides evidence supporting the notion that households, with Livestock-based and Wage-based livelihood strategies (LS) are less diversified and more specialized than households with Crop-based LS. Ethnicity has a positive and significant effect on agricultural diversification, with Kichwa farms more diversified than those of their migrant colonist counterparts. The results of the multinomial logit model (MLM) show that large Kichwa households, with Crop-based and Forest-based LS are more likely to adopt a highly diversified agricultural strategy. Based on these findings, we recommend a redirection of agricultural incentives, towards the adoption of diversified agricultural systems, as a strategy to promote more sustainable production systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region.

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Section: Study Area and Agricultural Contextssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Policy Implication For More Sustainable Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Agricultural Diversification in a Hotspot Area: Evidence from Colonist and Indigenous Communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon

et al. 2018

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“…We measured the diversity of cocoa agroforests in the Bengamisa-Yangambi forest landscape by evaluating base on the following: (i) species diversity (species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Piélou's evenness index, Simpson's index, rarefaction curve); (ii) relative abundance; (iii) structure (density and basal area); and (iv) linkage between density and biodiversity. Each of these parameters is generally used in the characterization of cocoa agroforest in other countries [15,40,41,[43][44][45][46][47] and for the characterization of forest stands [29,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of the Cocoa Agroforests of the Bengamisa-Yangambi Forest Landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Batsi

Sonwa²,

Mangaza

et al. 2020

Forests

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Cocoa agroforestry has evolved into an accepted natural resource conservation strategy in the tropics. It is regularly proposed as one of the main uses for REDD+ projects (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, few studies have characterized the cocoa agroforestry systems in this country. Hence, this research proposes to determine the impact of distance from Kisangani (the unique city in the landscape) and land-use intensity on the floristic composition of cocoa agroforests in Bengamisa-Yangambi forest landscape in the Congo Basin. The results revealed that species diversity and density of plants associated with cocoa are influenced by the distance from Kisangani (the main city in the landscape and province). Farmers maintain/introduce trees that play one or more of several roles. They may host caterpillars, provide food, medicine, or timber, or deliver other functions such as providing shade to the cocoa tree. Farmers maintain plants with edible products (mainly oil palms) in their agroforests more than other plants. Thus, these agroforests play key roles in conserving the floristic diversity of degraded areas. As cocoa agroforestry has greater potential for production, biodiversity conservation, and environmental protection, it should be used to slow down or even stop deforestation and forest degradation.

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“…especially in cases 1W and 2W and of similar dynamics in the Atmosphere theme. In case 1W of Tobeta Indigenous Community, its classification is limited in the subject of Biodiversity and can be considered by the number of species existing in the productive system compared to an agroforestry system of the Kichwa nationality where there is a lush number of species [58], [59], [60], but it is essential to mention that the 1W case has the area of greatest sustainability surface in relation to its peers evaluated ( Table 3). The issues of Animal Welfare and Investment in all three cases are considered as Limited, since culturally the raising of animals in the Waorani nationality is not within their ancestral cultural dynamics despite a possession of minor species and the investment is minimal due to the influence of additional income that promotes greater family or individual welfare as paid work.…”

Section: General Discussion With the Lacing Algorithm Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

SAFA and GeoGebra Allies to Evaluate Natural and Cultural Sustainability: Yasuni Biosphere Reserve

Heredia¹,

Torres²,

Alemán³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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The Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (YBR) occupies a unique biogeographic position in the world, where the richness of the four taxa (amphibians, birds, mammals and vascular plants) reaches maximum diversity. However, threats to species conservation are latent: the opening of roads, illegal logging, the advance of the agricultural frontier, oil extraction and the trade of wild meat in the western sector of the reserve. This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of natural resources in multicultural communities: 1) Waorani Indigenous and 2) Migrant settlers, settled in the Diversity and Life Strip (DLS) in the YBR. Three households were defined per community, selected from the snowball sampling method. Thus, three methodological processes were applied: 1) Sustainability of natural resources using the SAFA program (version 2.4.1), it has four dimensions Good Governance (GG), Environmental Integrity (EI), Economic Resilience (ER) and Social Welfare (SW); 2) Direct observation; and 3) Lacing algorithm with the GeoGebra program used for the calculation of areas of simple polygons. The results showed that the dimension of least sustainability was ER in indigenous households and in-migrant settler households it was ER and SW. The largest sustainability area of 25,12 u 2 in the migrant settler household1, while in Waorani indigenous the worst sustainability area had a value of 18,69 u 2. The programs allow to promote a better understanding of the dynamics of the sustainability of natural resources. The issues identified as limited in the communities are a priority to improve sustainability.

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Influence of Tree Cover on Diversity, Carbon Sequestration and Productivity of Cocoa Systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Determinants of Agricultural Diversification in a Hotspot Area: Evidence from Colonist and Indigenous Communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon

Determinants of Agricultural Diversification in a Hotspot Area: Evidence from Colonist and Indigenous Communities in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon

Biodiversity of the Cocoa Agroforests of the Bengamisa-Yangambi Forest Landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

SAFA and GeoGebra Allies to Evaluate Natural and Cultural Sustainability: Yasuni Biosphere Reserve

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