Influence of Titanium Dioxide Modified Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Combustion Behavior and Physicomechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Pang, Xiu-Yan; Chang, Wei-Shu; Chang, Ran; Weng, Meng-Qi

doi:10.3139/217.3489

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is because APP can act as a nucleating agent in the foaming process (refer to Fig. b) . Due to its small particle size and high density, the APP can be embedded in the wall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pure RPUF was prepared by an oneshot, free rise procedure according to the reported method . Firstly, the component I was prepared from that 100 g of polyether polyol, 2.0 g of silicon oil, 0.3 g of N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1.5 g of triethylene diamine, 2.5 g of potassium acetate, 0.5 g of deionized water, 40 g of dichlorofluoroethane and a certain mass of FRs such as EG P , the reference EG 0 , APP, mixture of EG P and APP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Pang

Xin

Shi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, three different sizes of tripolyphosphate‐modified expandable graphite (EGp) are prepared and incorporated into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) in order to obtain a flame retardant material with low density, good mechanical properties, and hydrophobicity. The influence of particle size on material combustibility, thermal stability, compression strength, pore cell structure, diathermancy, and hydrophobic property is investigated. Synergistic effect between the EGp and ammonium polyphosphate (APP II) is also examined. Results show the limiting oxygen index value and residue yield increase as the EGp size increases. On the contrary, the heat release rate and total heat release decrease as the EGP size increases. In addition, the chemical char formation effect of APP on RPUF is more important than the char formation of the graphite intercalation compounds. EGp and APP show synergistic effect in improving flame retardancy, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1381–1394 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…This is because APP can act as a nucleating agent in the foaming process (refer to Fig. b) . Due to its small particle size and high density, the APP can be embedded in the wall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Pang

Xin

Shi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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show abstract

“…EG included at 10–25 wt% is among the most popular types of intumescent flame retardant used in the production of nontoxic fire‐safe polymeric foams and coatings. However, almost all previous studies have reported on the efficiency of EG in polyurethane (PU) foams and PU composites [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming and Physical Properties, Flame Retardancy, and Combustibility of Polyethylene Octene Foams Modified by Natural Rubber and Expandable Graphite

Sawangpet

Walong

Thongnuanchan

et al. 2020

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Flame‐retardant blends of polyethylene‐octene elastomer (POE) and natural rubber (NR) filled with expandable graphite (EG) were melt‐mixed with azodicarbonamide to prepare elastomeric foams. The effect of the NR incorporation on the properties of EG filled POE foam was investigated. Gel content and microstructure observations revealed that the addition of NR into the POE/EG blend induced change in molecular structure, which produced a finer cellular structure during foaming. The compressive strength and elastomeric recovery of the POE/NR/EG blend foams were found to increase with increasing NR content. Based on the limiting oxygen index and horizontal burning measurements, all the POE/NR/EG blend foams were found to have good flame‐retardant properties. On the other hand, these POE/NR/EG blend foams exhibited higher combustion rates with an increasing NR content under high heat radiation and temperature in a cone calorimeter test. This study demonstrates that the combined use of NR as a modifier and EG as a flame retardant in POE foams provides an effective and practical method of obtaining well‐balanced improvements in cellular structure, mechanical properties, and flame resistance.

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Synthesis of a novel char‐forming agent (PEIC): Improvement in flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

Xiang

Yang

Hua

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel char-forming agent named PEIC was designed and synthesized combining pentaerythritol octahydrogen tetraphosphate (PEPA) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate. PEIC was combined with the silica-gel-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (OS-MCAPP), preparing intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) show that the composite containing 30 wt % IFR with OS-MCAPP:PEIC = 2:1 presents the optimal LOI of 32.7%. Meanwhile, the cone calorimeter tests show that its peak heat release rate is 432 kW m −2 , which decreases by 62.1% compared with that of pure PP, showing a high-efficient flame retardancy. The exhibited UL-94 V-0 rating for all the composites indicates that the IFR composed of PEIC and OS-MCAPP has high-efficient flame retardancy in PP. The analysis of residue char reveals that PEIC could improve the quality of char in compactness, intumescentia, and the degree of graphitization. Further, the effect of IFR on the mechanical properties of PP composites was also evaluated and discussed.

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Influence of Titanium Dioxide Modified Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Combustion Behavior and Physicomechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam

Foaming and Physical Properties, Flame Retardancy, and Combustibility of Polyethylene Octene Foams Modified by Natural Rubber and Expandable Graphite

Synthesis of a novel char‐forming agent (PEIC): Improvement in flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

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