Foaming and Physical Properties, Flame Retardancy, and Combustibility of Polyethylene Octene Foams Modified by Natural Rubber and Expandable Graphite

Sawangpet, Karnjana; Walong, Alif; Thongnuanchan, Bencha; Kaesaman, Azizon; Sakai, Tadamoto; Lopattananon, Natinee

doi:10.1002/vnl.21757

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, it is easy for POE to burn and bring fire hazards because the chemical structure of POE contains only two elements of hydrocarbon, which are mainly divided into thermal hazards and non‐thermal hazards. The former comes from the heat released in fire, and the latter comes from a large amount of smoke and toxic and corrosive gases produced in fire [8–10] . Therefore, it is of great significance to develop clean, efficient, safe and environmental‐friendly flame retardant POE composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former comes from the heat released in fire, and the latter comes from a large amount of smoke and toxic and corrosive gases produced in fire. [8][9][10] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop clean, efficient, safe and environmental-friendly flame retardant POE composites. POE usually uses APP as the main flame retardant to improve its flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System

Zhang

Feng

2022

ChemistrySelect

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The development of high efficiency and low‐cost refractories has always been a subject that attract people‘s attention. Although polyethylene‐octene copolymers (POE) has excellent mechanical properties, it is easy to be ignited, which seriously hinders its multi‐field applications. In this paper, a novel ternary composite flame retardant system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/expanded graphite (EG)/sepiolite (SEP), was proposed and applied to POE to prepare high flame‐retardant POE composites. The experimental results showed that the addition of SEP could play a good reinforcing role, so as to improve the mechanical properties of POE/APP composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that when the ratio of EG and SEP was 1 : 1, the initial thermal decomposition temperature decreased significantly, which was conducive to the early degradation and carbonization of POE/APP composites. The thermal conductivity test showed that the addition of SEP can reduce the thermal conductivity of POE/APP composites. In addition, the flame retardant test results revealed that when the ratio of EG and SEP was 1 : 1, the oxygen index (LOI) increased to 25.3 %, the heat release rate (HRR) decreased to 140 kW/m2, the total heat release (THR) decreased to 70 MJ/m2, and the carbon layer produced by combustion was dense and uniform, which contribute to the great heat insulation. In conclusion, the addition of an appropriate amount of ternary compound flame retardant (EG/SEP/APP) could have an excellent synergistic flame retardant effect on POE/APP composites, and the processing method was simple and efficient, which would benefit to broad application of the prepared POE composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System

Zhang

Feng

2022

ChemistrySelect

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“…Moreover, diethyl ether is the main foaming agent for preparation of tannin–furanic foams [ 41 , 42 ]; however, its high volatility and rapid foaming make the process difficult to control, especially when its high toxicity is considered. On the other hand, azodicarbonamide (AC) is also a known foaming agent [ 43 , 44 ], and its decomposition products are nontoxic, odorless, and nonpolluting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Formaldehyde-Free Bio-Based Thermoset Resins for Fabrication of Highly Efficient Foams

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Bio-based biodegradable foams were formulated from a crosslinkable network structure combining starch, furfuryl alcohol, glyoxal, and condensed tannin in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) and azodicarbonamide (AC) as a foaming agent. More importantly, the reinforcement of gelatinized starch–furanic foam using tannin, originating from forestry, resulted in an excellent compressive strength and lower pulverization ratio. Moreover, the addition of tannin guaranteed a low thermal conductivity and moderate flame retardancy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy approved the successful polycondensation of these condensing agents under the employed acidic conditions. Moreover, the catalytic effect of pTSA on the foaming agent induced liberation of gases, which are necessary for foam formation during crosslinking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed foam formation comprising closed cells with uniform cell distribution and appropriate apparent density. Meanwhile, the novel foam exhibited biodegradation under the action of Penicillium sp., as identified by the damage of cell walls of this foam over a period of 30 days.

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“…Biobased raw materials have been described literary in many different industrial applications. [20,21] Castor oil [5,22] and soybean oil [23] have been used in synthesizing aqueous PU dispersion. In such cases, the need to transfer oil into polyol has resulted in the rise of cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate content on flexible polyurethane's microstructure, water, and mechanical properties

Fawzi

Al-Talib

2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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It is well known that blowing agents (BAs) and polyol are essential components in polyurethane (PU) composition. Utilizing renewable sources in the material's formulation might reduce its environmental hazards while extending its possible engineering applications. In this study, the samples have been synthesized by using palm kernel oil-based polyol (PKOP). Water and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHB) have been used as BAs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that adding the mix of BAs is causing the cells' average size to increase up to 227% and have reduced the lamellae width by up to 2% in comparison with the reference sample. The water tests have illustrated that combining two parts per hundred polyol by weight (php) water and 25 php SHB to the sample has increased its water capacity up to 617%. However, the samples are only able to retain 6% of the absorbed water at the 7th day. It has been also found that porosity has affected the water uptake and all the samples are following Fick's diffusion law, and diffusion is correlated to the square root of time. Multivariable power least squares method (MPLSM) and moving least squares method (MLSM) have been applied to find the relation between tear resistance value and BAs ratio. It is found that both methods have a dominant variable compared to the other variables, but MLSM provided optimizable equation with better R 2 .

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Foaming and Physical Properties, Flame Retardancy, and Combustibility of Polyethylene Octene Foams Modified by Natural Rubber and Expandable Graphite

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System

Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System

Facile Synthesis of Formaldehyde-Free Bio-Based Thermoset Resins for Fabrication of Highly Efficient Foams

The effect of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate content on flexible polyurethane's microstructure, water, and mechanical properties

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