Influence of Na and S incorporation on the electronic transport properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ solar cells

Rau, Uwe; Schmitt, Matthias; Hilburger, D.; Engelhardt, Felix; Seifert, O.; Parisi, J.; Riedl, W.; Rimmasch, J.; Karg, F.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.1996.564301

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…difference in the SPV response of the Na poor and Na rich layers is strikingly reminiscent of a similar difference observed in quantum ef®ciency spectra, shown in Fig. 85(b) [765], which were measured independently on solar cells of the same make. However, the latter measurements were performed on complete and contacted solar cells, whereas the SPV measurements are contactless and performed on a partial structure, allowing for early rejection of inadequate layers.…”

Section: Spectroscopy Of Multilayer Structuressupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The Quantum ef®ciency spectra of a ZnO/CdS/ CIGS solar cell, based on a Na-poor and a Na-rich CIGS layer (after Kronik et al [404]. Quantum ef®ciency data taken from Rau et al [765]). difference in the SPV response of the Na poor and Na rich layers is strikingly reminiscent of a similar difference observed in quantum ef®ciency spectra, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Spectroscopy Of Multilayer Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface photovoltage phenomena: theory, experiment, and applications

Kronik

Shapira

1999

Surface Science Reports

1,515

804

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Section: Spectroscopy Of Multilayer Structuressupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Spectroscopy Of Multilayer Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface photovoltage phenomena: theory, experiment, and applications

Kronik

Shapira

1999

Surface Science Reports

1,515

804

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“…Their careful investigation of the serendipitous sodium "contamination" of CIS absorber films due to exchange from soda-lime glass substrates contributed to their achievement of the first CIS device with a reported efficiency exceeding 15%. Subsequent studies have concluded that whether derived from the substrate [129] or added intentionally from extrinsic sources [130][131][132], optimized sodium incorporation is beneficial to 41 device performance, and excess sodium is detrimental [133][134][135][136]. Studies of sodium's concentration and distribution in the films show it is typically present at a ~0.1 at.% concentration [137], and strongly segregates to the surface [138] and grain boundaries [139].…”

Section: Alkali Impurities In Cis and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells: Characterization of Deposition Processes in Terms of Chemical Reaction Analyses. Final Report, 6 May 1995 - 31 December 1998

Anderson¹,

Stanbery²

2001

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This project was initiated after the Boeing Company decided to terminate its photovoltaic research and development efforts, and donated some research equipment to UF. Billy Stanbery, who was part of the Boeing team, decided then to enroll at UF to pursue a Ph.D degree. As such these events constituted a rare direct technology transfer from industry to a university. This helped to preserve more than the published legacy of the solar cell efforts at Boeing, and jump-started a comprehensive, multifaceted, and multidisciplinary copper indium diselenide solar cell research effort at UF. 5-15 Micro-Raman scattering spectra of islands on two indium-rich CIS films grown on GaAs (100). The uppermost curve is from an island "pool" on a sodium-dosed film and the lower two are single and averaged spectra from isolated islands on the sample without sodium shown in Figure 5- field. It focused primarily on the physical and opto-electronic properties of the general class of I-III-VI2 and II-IV-V2 compound semiconductors. More recent reviews specifically oriented towards CIS materials and electronic properties [2][3][4][5][6] are also recommended reading for those seeking to familiarize themselves with key research results in this field.There are also a number of excellent books and reviews on photovoltaic device physics [7,8], on the general subject of solar cells and their applications [9,10], and others specifically oriented towards thin-film solar cells [11,12] Researchers have not always been careful to reserve the use of the compound designation CuInSe2 for single-phase material of the designated stoichiometry, an imprecision that is understandable in view of the difficulty in discriminating CuInSe2 from some other compounds in this material system, as will be discussed in detail elsewhere in this treatise. The compound designations such as CuInSe2 will be reserved herein for reference to single-phase material of finite solid solution extent, and multiphasic or materials of indeterminate structure composed of copper, indium, and selenium will be referred to by the customary acronym, in this case CIS. 3 This review begins with an overview of the physical properties of the principal copper ternary chalcogenides utilized for PV devices, including their thermochemistry, crystallography, and opto-electronic properties. All state-ofthe-art devices rely on alloys of these ternary compounds and employ alkali impurities, so the physical properties and effects of these additives will be presented, with an emphasis on their relevance to electronic carrier transport properties. This foundation will provide a basis from which to address the additional complexities and variability resulting from the plethora of materials processing methods and device structures which have been successfully employed to fabricate high efficiency PV devices utilizing absorbers belonging to this class of materials. Phase Chemistry of Cu-III-VI Material SystemsSignificant technological applications exist for Ag-III-VI2 compounds as non-linear optical mat...

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“…Na has also been linked to the appearance of an acceptor state 75 meV above the valence band in device layers. [14] The papers in this section describe the mechanisms for introduction of Na into polycrystalline CIGS (section i) and its electronic effects (ii).…”

Section: Iid the Effect Of Na On Cu(in 1-x Ga X )Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rapid mobility decrease is caused by the onset of hopping conduction, which is related to the number of compensating donors. 14 The reduction in electrical compensation is somewhat surprising given that the expected role of Na is as either an isovalent substitution for Cu or a double acceptor if on an In site. A likely explanation is that Na acts to increase point defect mobility, which allows oppositely charged defects to cluster, rather than passivating donors directly (see discussion below).…”

Section: Iidii the Electronic Effects Of Na On Cigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental studies of the effect of crystal defects on CuInSe{sub 2}/CdS heterojunction behavior: Final report, 28 June 1993--30 June 1998

Rockett¹

1999

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Influence of Na and S incorporation on the electronic transport properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ solar cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Surface photovoltage phenomena: theory, experiment, and applications

Surface photovoltage phenomena: theory, experiment, and applications

Processing of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells: Characterization of Deposition Processes in Terms of Chemical Reaction Analyses. Final Report, 6 May 1995 - 31 December 1998

Fundamental studies of the effect of crystal defects on CuInSe{sub 2}/CdS heterojunction behavior: Final report, 28 June 1993--30 June 1998

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