Influence of methods and technology of nitrogen fertilizer application in early spring fertilization on winter wheat productivity in arid zone of South of Russia

Abstract

The relevance of the nitrogen fertilization is difficult to overestimate. Currently, winter wheat crops impose special requirements on nitrogen nutrition, as a rule, in early spring due to the unfavorable temperature conditions and excess moisture soil nitrification is suppressed. As a result, plants starve from lack of nitrogen and reduce the yield. At the same time, the variety represented on the nitrogen fertilizers market is able to satisfy practically any soil type in various conditions of wetting, and is limited only by the energy availability of agricultural producers. One of the factors, which have an impact on the effectiveness of nitrogen use, is the form of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The experimental plots to study the influence of methods and technology of nitrogen fertilizer application in early spring on the winter wheat productivity were located in the arid zone of the south of Russia, where 350-400 mm of precipitation falls annually, the hydrothermal coefficient is within 0.6-0.8 units, and the soil cover is represented by dark chestnut and chestnut soils. The forecrop of the research period was winter wheat; the studied varieties of winter wheat are Yesaul and Nota. The seeder John Deere was usedfor the root fertilization in the experiment, and the Amazon spreader was used for the surface application. The analysis of the obtained data allows us to draw the following conclusions; the yield of the Nota variety was higher compared to the Yesaul variety on the fertilized variants by 0.15-0.28 t•ha-1. The highest productivity indicators are formed when fertilizing with the nitrogen dose of 52 kg•ha-1 application rateregardless of the fertilizer application method. The advantage of the root fertilization method is not reliable compared with the superficial method of applying manure. Studied doses and methods of nitrogen fertilizer application had a significant impact on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat.

Mineral Fertilizers Influence On Some Characteristics Of Winter Wheat

“…Phosphorus and potash fertilizers contribute to plant resistance to diseases; excessive and uneven application of nitrogen fertilizers causes loosening of plant tissues, which directly contributes to the development of diseases. In addition, the elements that make up fertilizers can directly inhibit the development of fungal pathogens (Golosnoy et al, 2019;Właśniewski et al, 2019). To obtain a high yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of applied mineral fertilizers (Al-Saidan et al, 2019;Grechishkina et al, 2019;Korostylev et al, 2019).…”