Influence of Exercise-Induced Plasma Volume Changes on the Interpretation of Biochemical Data Following High-Intensity Exercise

Kargotich, Stephen; Goodman, Carmél; Keast, David; Fry, Rod W.; Garcia-Webb, P.; Crawford, G. P. M.; Morton, Alan R.

doi:10.1097/00042752-199707000-00006

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In our study, plasma protein concentration appeared to be linked more to DPV, as shown by the correlations obtained between the variations in plasma protein concentrations and DPV calculated from Hct and [Hb] (P < 0.001) or from EB (P < 0.001). Similar results have also been reported by NovosadovaÁ (1977) and Kargotich et al (1997). Thus our data would indicate that exercise or heat exposure does not modify plasma protein content and, in consequence, plasma protein would not contribute to maintaining PV.…”

Section: Dpv According To the Variation Of Hydration Statesupporting

confidence: 91%

Plasma volume changes during and after acute variations of body hydration level in humans

et al. 1999

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This study examined plasma volume changes (deltaPV) in humans during periods with or without changes in body hydration: exercise-induced dehydration, heat-induced dehydration and glycerol hyperhydration. Repeated measurements of plasma volume were made after two injections of Evans blue. Results were compared to deltaPV calculated from haematocrit (Hct) and blood haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Eight well-trained men completed four trials in randomized order: euhydration (control test C), 2.8% dehydration of body mass by passive controlled hyperthermia (D) and by treadmill exercise (60% of their maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) (E), and hyperhydration (H) by glycerol ingestion. The Hct, [Hb], plasma protein concentrations and plasma osmolality were measured before, during and after the changes in body hydration. Different Hct and [Hb] reference values were obtained to allow for posture-induced variations between and during trials. The deltaPV values calculated after two Evans blue injections were in good agreement with deltaPV calculated from Hct and [Hb]. Compared to the control test, mean plasma volume declined markedly during heat-induced dehydration [-11.4 (SEM 1.7)%] and slightly during exercise-induced dehydration [-4.2 (SEM 0.9)%] (P < 0.001 compared to D), although hyperosmolality was similar in these two trials. Conversely, glycerol hyperhydration induced an increase in plasma volume [+7.5 (SEM 1.0)%]. These results would indicate that, for a given level of dehydration, plasma volume is dramatically decreased during and after heat exposure, while it is better maintained during and after exercise.

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Section: Dpv According To the Variation Of Hydration Statesupporting

confidence: 91%

Plasma volume changes during and after acute variations of body hydration level in humans

et al. 1999

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“…It is recommended, when sampling for biochemical and hormonal parameters in blood following an acute bout of exercise that corrections for Plasma Volume Changes should be conducted (Kargotich et al 1997). However, we can assume that variations in the concentration of plasma parameters in the present cycling stage cannot be attributed to modifications in the plasma volume because of the constancy of the aforementioned blood parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-Citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exercise

et al. 2010

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Exhaustive exercise induces disturbances in metabolic homeostasis which can result in amino acid catabolism and limited L-arginine availability. Oral L-citrulline supplementation raises plasma L-arginine concentration and augments NO-dependent signalling. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with L-citrulline-malate prior to intense exercise on the metabolic handle of plasma amino acids and on the products of metabolism of arginine as creatinine, urea and nitrite and the possible effects on the hormonal levels. Seventeen voluntary male pre-professional cyclists were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or supplemented (6 g L-citrulline-malate 2 h prior exercise) and participated in a 137-km cycling stage. Blood samples were taken in basal conditions, 15 min after the race and 3 h post race (recovery). Most essential amino acids significantly decreased their plasma concentration as a result of exercise; however, most non-essential amino acids tended to significantly increase their concentration. Citrulline-malate ingestion significantly increased the plasma concentration of citrulline, arginine, ornithine, urea, creatinine and nitrite (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased the isoleucine concentration from basal measures to after exercise (p < 0.05). Insulin levels significantly increased after exercise in both groups (p < 0.05) returning to basal values at recovery. Growth hormone increased after exercise in both groups, although the increase was higher in the citrulline-malate supplemented group (p < 0.05). L-citrulline-malate supplementation can enhance the use of amino acids, especially the branched chain amino acids during exercise and also enhance the production of arginine-derived metabolites such as nitrite, creatinine, ornithine and urea.

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“…Exercise-induced changes in cortisol concentration have been suggested to be . 'real" and not merely dependent on blood volume changes as is the case with testosterone (16). Since it can be assumed that changes in blood volume during the same exercise load in different phases of training period are similar, the tendency for the testosterone concentration to decrease at rest and at submaximal and maximal work rate in the ETO and the inverse relationship between testosterone concentration and training volume (see Table 7) could indicate decreased hormone secretion induced by training (11).…”

Section: Mood Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many previous studies on catecholamine, cortisol, and testosterone responses to training during rest and exercise (13,35,37) and in the overtraining state (1, 6,14,16,20,22,28,34). There is growing consensus regarding the acute hormonal responses to one exercise session, but there is clear disagreement on the hormonal responses to long-term training and to the resulting overtraining state (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hormonal Responses to Endurance Training and Overtraining in Female Athletes

Huttunen

Hanin

Uusitalo

et al. 1998

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Abstract:Objective: To examine different hormonal responses to heavy endurance training and overtraining in female athletes.Design: Submaximal and maximal treadmill tests, selfreport mood measures, and stress hormone analyses were repeated at baseline, after 4 weeks and at the end of 6 to 9 weeks of experimental intensive training and after 4 to 6 weeks of recovery. Subjects: Fifteen healthy female endurance athletes increased their intensive training volume by 130% and base training volume by 100% (ETG, n = 9) or served as controls (CG, n = 6).Main Outcome Measures: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)' mood dynamics, blood catecholamines, cortisol and testosterone at rest and after submaximal and maximal exercise, and nocturnal urine catecholamines.Results: Five females from the ETG demonstrated an overtraining state (OA subgroup) at the end of the training period. Their VO2m~ decreased (mean :!: SEM) from 53.0 :t 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-(range. 46.8-59.2) to 50.2:!: 2.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 (range, 43.8-56.6) (p < 0.01). Maximal treadmill performance expressed as oxygen demand decreased (mean :t SEM) from 56.0:t 1.6 ml.kg-l.min-l (range. 51.5-60.5) to 52.2:r. 1.1 mI.kg-l.min-1 (range, 49.1-55.3) (p < 0.01). Maximal heart rate also decreased (mean :t SEM) from 190 :t I bpm (range, 185-197) to 186 :t 2 bpm (range, 184-193) (p < 0.05), and the athletes experienced mood disturbances. Plasma adrenaline levels at maximal and noradrenaline at submaximal work rate decreased during the last 2 to 5 training weeks (p < 0.05), and serum cortisol levels at maximal work rate decreased during the first 4 training weeks (p < 0.05) in the ETG. Plasma adrenaline at maximal work rate decreased during the f1r8t 4 training weeks (p < 0.05) in the OA subgroup. There were no changes in the ca. Individual hormonal response types to heavy training and overtraining were found.Conclusions: Hormone responses to exercise load are superior in indicating heavy training-induced stress when compared with resting hOrmone levels. These responses indicated decreased sympathoadrenal and/or adrenocortical activity (or exhaustion of the adrenal gland or the central nervous system). Individual hormonal profiles are needed to follow up training effects. Marked individual differences were found in trainingand overtraining-induced hormonal changes.

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Influence of Exercise-Induced Plasma Volume Changes on the Interpretation of Biochemical Data Following High-Intensity Exercise

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Plasma volume changes during and after acute variations of body hydration level in humans

Plasma volume changes during and after acute variations of body hydration level in humans

l-Citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exercise

Hormonal Responses to Endurance Training and Overtraining in Female Athletes

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