Influence of Employment Conditions and Length of Residence on Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Immigrant Workers in Spain

Abstract

The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of employment conditions on adherence to dietary recommendations among those born in Spain and immigrants by their time of residence. Data were used from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI) cohort (n = 215) to compare Spaniards and immigrants with <14 and >14 years of residence. The questionnaire on frequency of food consumption (15 items) was used to measure adherence to dietary recommendations. Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and employment conditions. Adherence to dietary recommendations was greater among Spaniards, followed by immigrants with >14 years of residence and <14 years of residence. The greatest adherence among Spaniards was for eggs (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 2.89, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.92), fish (immigrants ≥ 14 immigrants: 1/ORa = 2.33, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.72), vegetables (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 3.26, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.87), dairy products (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 14.34, <14 years: 1/ORa = 26.78), and sugary drinks (immigrants ≥14 years: 1/ORa = 2.12, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.48), and the lowest adherence was for the consumption of sausages and cold cuts (immigrants ≥ 14 years: Ora = 7.62, <14 years: ORa = 24.65). Adjusting for sociodemographic and employment conditions variables did not result in variation in the observed differences between Spaniards, immigrants with <14 years of residence, and immigrants with >14 years of residence.

Occupational Health and Safety of Immigrant Workers in Italy and Spain: A Scoping Review

“…Then, we excluded most of these potentially relevant papers ( n = 3595–98%) in the initial screening based on titles and abstracts. Overall, 77 articles were read in full, 43 of which [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60] were excluded, while 34 [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,…”

“…As summarized in Table 1, 74% of the 34 included studies were from Spain [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85], 26% from Italy [86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94]. Most of them were quantitative [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94], six were qualitative [80,81,82,83,84,85], 74% were cross-sectional studies […”

“…As regards the study period, 41% of them were performed before [69,70,71,72,77,80,81,82,84,88,90,92,93,94], 47% during [61,62,63,64,67,68,73,74,75,76,78,79,83,85,87,91], and 12% (i.e. n. 4, all quantitative) after [65,66,86,89] the economic crisis. Finally, more than 80% of the studies were based on subjective data [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,92,93], while only six studies reported objective data [72,88,89,90,91,94].…”

“…n. 4, all quantitative) after [65,66,86,89] the economic crisis. Finally, more than 80% of the studies were based on subjective data [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,92,93], while only six studies reported objective data [72,88,89,90,91,94].…”

“…On the basis of the research question, we can distinguish the following seven main groups of studies: (i) 10 studies addressing the association of working conditions (i.e., employment conditions and/or specific work-related exposures) and health (i.e., self-reported health problems, sick leave and disability) [61,62,65,66,67,68,70,75,77,78]; (ii) two studies evaluating the association of discrimination in the workplace and health [63,92]; (iii) five studies dealing with migrant workers’ mental health [69,71,86,91,94]; (iv) one study assessing factors associated with a low risk perception of zoonoses in immigrant workers compared with natives [87]; (v) one study aimed at identifying migrant workers with hazardous drinking problem [73]; (vi) six studies addressing whether the risk of occupational injuries is higher in immigrant workers than in natives [72,76,88,89,90,93]; and (vii) three studies examining the effect of the economic crisis on migrant workers’ working conditions and on their health [64,74,79].…”