Influence of cultivation technologies of agricultural crops with the use of machines and tools of domestic and foreign production for the dry area of the South of Russia

Abstract

The problems of improving the tillage systems and crop cultivation technologies are of particular relevance both in terms of energy savings and, in general, resource conservation. The article describes various tillage systems using machines and implements of domestic and foreign production for the arid zone of southern Russia. The initial position in the development of cultivation technology of crops are agroecological requirements of the crop and variety to the growing conditions. Sequential overcoming of factors that reduce crop yields and product quality allows us to form the most optimal growing technology for specific climatic conditions of the economy. The article describes the tillage systems - moldboard, resource-saving using domestic tillage equipment, resource-based on foreign technology and recommended using combined technology, which has different effects on the conservation and accumulation of productive moisture. With the moldboard tillage, these indicators are the smallest, and resource-saving systems give approximately the same results when determining the stock of productive moisture in all phases of crop development. Different tillage systems for crop rotation affect the agrophysical indicators of fertility - aggregate composition, water strength, structural coefficient to the same extent. Moldboard tillage system causes the lowest density of soil in the cultivation of crop rotation in comparison with various resource-saving systems, as for the porosity of the soil, in most cases, these indicators of large values are marked by moldboard tillage. Resource-saving tillage systems significantly complicate the phytosanitary situation in the cultivation of crop rotation in comparison with the moldboard tillage system.

Mineral Fertilizers Influence On Some Characteristics Of Winter Wheat

“…In addition, the elements that make up fertilizers can directly inhibit the development of fungal pathogens (Golosnoy et al, 2019;Właśniewski et al, 2019). To obtain a high yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of applied mineral fertilizers (Al-Saidan et al, 2019;Grechishkina et al, 2019;Korostylev et al, 2019).…”

Influence of saline soils and mineral fertilizers on the germination and formation of sunflower seeds

“…seed swelling and germination. High salt concentrations in the field cause the death of a large percentage of seedlings, which leads to their thinning [1,2].…”

“…However, the salinity impact consists of the osmotic pressure of the soil solution and its physiological imbalance. The impact of these factors during heterotrophic nutrition leads to a decrease in the mobilization of reserve substances for seed germination [8].…”

Design and Justification of a Combined Tillage Machine

“…The analysis of existing designs of combined tillage machines showed that there are some problems in ensuring efficient soil treatment. In particular, poor quality of soil AgroSMART 2019 pulverization by autorotative rollers; absence of the upper rotating rotor, which does not provide quality pulverization of the upper soil layer; soil bulldozing is possible at difficult roller rotation thus increasing the draught resistance [2,3]. In some combined machines, the soil formation coming from a flat tool is broken between two counterrotating rotary agitators through bending deformation and compression strain, which increases the energy consumption.…”