Individual Cell Equalization for Series Connected Lithium-Ion Batteries

LEE, Y.-S.

doi:10.1093/ietcom/e89-b.9.2596

Cited by 49 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Capacitive equalizers, on the other hand, transfers energy from the higher energy cells to the lower energy ones by switching capacitors. Inductive capacitors can be of different configurations: basic, Cuk, and single of multiple transformer based; but all of them transfer energy from higher energy cells to the ones with lower energy by using inductors [46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. All these configurations have their own merits and demerits, which are shown in Table 8; the schematics are shown in Figures 27 and 28.…”

Section: Conventional Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

et al. 2017

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Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid ElectricVehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

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Section: Conventional Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

et al. 2017

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“…Many non-dissipative schemes for higher efficiency were proposed in literature [1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. However, in most of the schemes, the costs are relatively high because each battery cell needs two or more electrical switches [2,5,7,9,10,11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low cost battery equalizing scheme with buck-boost and series LC converter using synchronous phase-shift controller

Weigui

Ran

Yuan

et al. 2017

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper presents a modularized buck-boost and series LC converter (BBSLCC) circuit for series battery equalizers. The proposed topology has numerous advantages. First, the number of switches in the equalizer is equal to the number of the battery cells needs to be balanced in the string. This is so called one-switch-per-cell, which is a great advantage over the traditional buck-boost converter, since it requires almost twoswitch-per-cell to balance. Second, unlike many other existing one-switchper-cell equalizers, the proposed circuit has the advantage in the modularization design and low voltage stress requirement on the switches. Third, the peak current of the balancing capacitor are suppressed by the synchronous phase-shift controller (SPSC) which can be easily implemented by sensing the zero crossing of the LC resonant current. By using the proposed controller, the speed of the battery equalizing process is also accelerated. In this paper, the proposed topology is first presented, and the operating principle is illustrated. Afterwards, the phase-shift time and the transferred energy of the BBSLCC circuit are calculated to demonstrate the proposed control strategy details. The relationships between the phase-shift time and other circuit parameters such as the inductance and the capacitance are also analyzed. The simulation results and the experimental results are finally demonstrated and verified the theoretical analysis on the performance of the proposed BBSLCC circuit.

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“…Various kinds of voltage equalization techniques have been proposed [1,2]. In cell-voltage equalizers, using bidirectional converters, such as buck-boost converters [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and switched capacitor converters [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], with which two adjacent cells transfer power for equalization, a number of switches proportional to the number of cells connected in series is required, increasing the circuit complexity. Equalizers using an isolated converter with selection switches that select target cells having the highest or lowest voltage can reduce the number of passive components [17][18][19], making miniaturization feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐Switch Series‐Resonant Cell‐Voltage Equalizer Using a Voltage Multiplier for Series‐Connected Energy Storage Cells

Uno

Kukita

2014

Electrical Engineering Japan

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SUMMARY Series connections of energy storage cells, such as lithium‐ion cells and electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs), require cell‐voltage equalizers to ensure years of operation. Conventional equalizers require multiple switches, magnetic components, and/or secondary windings of a multiwinding transformer in proportion to the number of series connections, which usually makes them complex, expensive, bulky, and less extendable with increasing series connections. A double‐switch series‐resonant equalizer using a voltage multiplier is proposed in this paper. The double‐switch operation without a multiwinding transformer achieves simplified circuitry and good modularity at reduced size and cost, compared to conventional equalizers. Operational analyses were separately performed for the following two functional parts of the proposed equalizer: a series‐resonant inverter and a voltage multiplier. The mathematical analyses derived a dc‐equivalent circuit of the proposed equalizer, with which simulation analyses of even an hour's duration can be completed in an instant. Simulation analyses were separately performed for both the original and equivalent circuits. The simulation results of the derived circuit correlated well with those of the original circuit, thus verifying the derived dc‐equivalent circuit. A 5‐W prototype of the proposed equalizer was built for eight cells connected in series and an experimental equalization was performed for series‐connected EDLCs from an initially voltage‐imbalanced condition. The voltage imbalance was gradually eliminated over time, and the standard deviation in the cell voltages decreased to approximately 5 mV at the end of the experiment, thus demonstrating the equalization performance of the proposed equalizer.

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Individual Cell Equalization for Series Connected Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

A low cost battery equalizing scheme with buck-boost and series LC converter using synchronous phase-shift controller

Double‐Switch Series‐Resonant Cell‐Voltage Equalizer Using a Voltage Multiplier for Series‐Connected Energy Storage Cells

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