Incertezas diante do cancer infantil: compreendendo as necessidades da mãe

Abstract

Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar as necessidades da mãe durante a internação do filho com câncer e compreender como as incertezas diante da doença configuram-se nesta experiência. O referencial teórico do estudo foi o Interacionismo Simbólico e o referencial metodológico, o Interacionismo Interpretativo. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram do estudo 10 mães de crianças hospitalizadas em uma instituição especializada no município de São Paulo. Foram identificadas três categorias descritivas das necessidades experienciadas pelas mães: (1) Necessidade de estar presente e acompanhar o tratamento; (2) Necessidade de ser amparada nos momentos de fraqueza; (3) Necessidade de manter vínculo com a família. As necessidades da mãe durante a internação da criança com câncer têm caráter multidimensional, e o reconhecimento delas é essencial para garantir a criação de um contexto de cuidado que potencialize o papel da mãe no suporte à criança com câncer.

Construções de significados acerca do adoecimento e morte nas narrativas de crianças com câncer

“…No que tange especifi camente ao adoecimento por câncer, vários estudos (Angelo, Moreira, & Rodrigues, 2010;Nehmy, Brito, Mota, & Oliveira, 2011;Santo, Gaíva, Espinosa, Barbosa, & Belasco, 2011;Woodgate, 2006) demonstram que as crianças e seus familiares enfrentam muitos desafi os, tais como a multiplicidade de sentimentos, procedimentos e tratamentos invasivos, mudanças na rotina, nos papéis, nas relações e nas responsabilidades entre os membros da família. Duarte, Zanini e Nedel (2012) afi rmam que os pais das crianças com câncer além de se confrontarem com a doença do fi lho, precisam lidar com as difi culdades econômicas decorrentes dos gastos com o tratamento e, muitas vezes, da perda do emprego, pois eles necessitam assumir integralmente os cuidados com a criança.…”

Concepções de cuidado e sentimentos do cuidador de crianças com câncer

“…The dimensions of the caregiver of a child with cancer exceed the dimensions of care, being expressed by behaviors and actions mediated by the deep relationship that is established with the child and by the need to exclude any possibility of losing him. (6) In yearning to avoid the worst, i.e., the loss of the child to the disease, the relative establishes a relationship of dependency with the child, seeking strength to overcome the uncertainties of the future.…”

“…Uncertainty creates an impact on the family, unleashing moments of confusion, despair, worry, exhaustion, and depression, characteristic of suffering in the arduous journey of cancer. (6) The role of caregivers in this experience is complex, involves negative feelings such as anguish, due to the pain and impact that the diagnosis brings, in addition to physical and psychosocial burden that the family needs to bear. However, even the caregivers realize themselves to be frail, attempting to gather forces to support the child as well as its entire family, in the hope of living a future away from cancer.…”

UTI pediátrica: o significado do cuidar na perspectiva da mãe Pediatric ICU: the meaning of taking care in the mother’s perspective

“…Furthermore, the presence and family more active role enables its members, realize that all that is possible for the child is being done, which helps even in minimizing the possible guilt of their illness and promoting wellness of child. [3][4] When the mother is poorly placed in care of the child hospitalized in PICU, there is a problem arising from the weakening in the bond already established with the child or in the case of newborns, incorporation of the maternal role, as the consolidation of affective ties between mother and baby is little stimulated: Daiana's report allows realizing how important it is for mothers to perform care for their children during hospitalization. It also shows that the role of mother and its unique meaning encourage her to care for the child, and this paper, the major motivating factor to withstand adversity, tensions and complexities present in intensive care units.…”

“…Thus, promotes the coping with the disease and learning how to care, as well as the family adapt to the new status of the child.³ For the child, the mother's presence and care for it made in the context of PICU, promote a sense of security, since the hospitalization process often gives feelings of fear and anxiety, with a view to the realization of these units as local cold, strange and hostile. 4 From the mother's point of view, taking care of the child is an activity capable of bringing encouragement before the illness and hospitalization scenario, minimizing feelings of guilt by illness, strengthening the bond/binomial relationship, coupled with the benefit of care learning to be performed to the child. This in turn promotes greater safety for the child, so that it has greater acceptance and adherence to treatment, contributing significantly to reducing the length of hospital stay.…”