In Vitro Gingival Wound Healing Activity of Extracts from Reynoutria japonica Houtt Rhizomes

Abstract

Rhizomes of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. are a traditional Chinese medicinal herb (Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma, hu zhang) used for treatment of numerous diseases including wound healing support. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the value of this herbal drug’s traditional use as a gingival healing treatment as well as to obtain the most active extract. In vitro studies were performed using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with determination of viability (MTT assay), cell proliferation (the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to visualize histone 3 expression), cell migration (wound healing assay), and evaluation of the expression of collagen type III (immunocytochemical staining) after incubation with extracts from R. japonica rhizomes (25% or 40% ethanol or 60% acetone). In addition to these extracts, commercial dental rinse (containing chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2%) was tested as the gold standard of choice for gum healing in dental practice. The studied extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using the validated HPLC/DAD/ESI-HR-QTOF-MS method. Total phenols and tannins content were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Low concentration of all extracts after 24 h incubation caused significant increase in HGF viability. This effect was most pronounced at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, which was selected for further experiments. All extracts (at 50 µg/mL) stimulated HGF to proliferate, migrate, and increase collagen III synthesis, but with different strength. The highest stimulated proliferation and migration activity was observed after incubation with 25% EtOH, which according to phytochemical analysis may be related to the highest content of resveratrol and an appropriate composition of procyanidins. The 25% EtOH extract from R. japonica rhizomes appears to be a promising gingival wound healing agent worthy of animal and clinical trials.

Botanical Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine With Wound Healing Properties

“…The results showed the various extracts of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (25% ethanol, 40% ethanol, or 60% acetone) all able to stimulate HGFs proliferation and migration, and increase collagen III synthesis at the dose of 50 μg/ml ( Nawrot-Hadzik et al, 2021 ). Various compounds have been isolated from Reynoutria japonica Houtt, including quinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, coumarins, and other polyphenolic compounds ( Peng et al, 2013 ).…”

The Extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Root and Rhizome Block the Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron Pseudotyped Viruses via Inhibition of the S-Protein and 3CL Protease

“…It was shown to have a binding energy of −12 KJ/mol. Consistent with our anti-viral tests described above, gallic acid was shown to bind to RBD the most efficiently, with a binding energy of −6.1 According to previous reports, the water and EtOH extracts of PCRR contain various phytochemicals, of which nine compounds (i.e., gallic acid, polydatin, emodin, physcion, anthraglycoside B, chrysophonal, rhein, resveratrol, and aloe emodin) were selected for subsequent anti-viral testing [12,13]. The highest tested concentrations of samples depended on their optimal solubility in the DMSO solvent and assay buffer.…”

“…Indeed, Nawrot-Hadzik et al [19] reported that several compounds from the PCRR herb, including vanicoside A and vanicoside B, can inhibit the main protease (Mpro), with IC 50 values of 23.10 µM and 43.59 µM, respectively, which indicate that both compounds might account for the anti-COVID-19 effectiveness of PCRR. Furthermore, extensive investigations were conducted previously and revealed that PCRR consisted of more than 100 phytochemicals [13,20,21]. This implied that a broad screening of these chemicals would enable us to further identify other PCRR phytochemicals containing antiviral properties.…”

Oral Wound Healing Potential of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix Decoction—In Vitro Study

“…In the previous in vitro study, our research team reported the gingival wound healing activity of 25% and 40% ethanolic as well as 60% acetone extracts from the Reynoutria japonica rhizomes [ 7 ]. The extracts stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to proliferate and migrate, as well as increasing the synthesis of collagen III, but with different potency.…”