The Extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Root and Rhizome Block the Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron Pseudotyped Viruses via Inhibition of the S-Protein and 3CL Protease

Lin, Shengying; Wang, Xiaoyang; Tang, Roy Wai-Lun; Lee, Hung Chun; Chan, Ho Hin; Choi, Sheyne S. A.; Dong, Tina Tingxia; Leung, Ka Wing; Webb, Sarah; Miller, Andrew L.; Tsim, Karl Wah-Keung

doi:10.3390/molecules27123806

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Modifications of VNT have been described in the scientific literature to investigate the antiviral properties of such herbal extracts [ 51 ]. However, only laboratory testing models with a wild-type virus can most suitably mimic the natural viral infection of the host by allowing long-term virus–cell contact with prolonged antiviral contact of the virus extract in the experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water and 90% ethanol (aq) extracts of Japanese knotweed rhizome and root blocked the entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus into HEK293T-ACE2 cells and zebrafish larvae and were shown to inhibit the spike protein–ACE2 receptor interaction and 3CL protease activity. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was confirmed for the extract component gallic acid [ 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the current study was to test the antiviral activity of the 70% ethanol (aq) extract of Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extract against live SARS-CoV-2 in vitro for the first time. A search in the literature shows a lack of in vitro studies as opposed to in silico studies to test the activity of this plant extract; the exceptions are Nawrot-Hadzik et al, 2021 [ 50 ], reporting the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme inhibitory activity of 70% acetone extract of the plant whole rhizome and Lin et al, 2022 [ 51 ], reporting the blocked entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus into fibroblasts by water and ethanol extracts of the rhizome and root. The studies discussing Japanese knotweed or its compounds in connection with SARS-CoV are elaborated in detail in Results and Discussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese Knotweed Rhizome Bark Extract Inhibits Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Jug

Naumoska

2022

Bioengineering

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral infectious respiratory disease, is caused by highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Since very few drugs are known to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, there is a general need for new therapeutics, including plant-based drugs, for the prophylaxis and treatment of infections. In the current study, the activity of a 70% ethanolic(aq) extract of the rhizome bark of Japanese knotweed, an invasive alien plant species, was tested for the first time against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus using a specific and robust virus neutralization test (VNT) on Vero-E6 cells, which best mimics the mechanism of real virus–host interaction. A statistically significant antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 (p-value < 0.05) was observed for the 50.8 µg mL−1 extract solution in cell medium. A suitable extract preparation was described to avoid loss of polyphenols throughout filtration of the extract, which was dissolved in cell medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). The significance of the differences between the sums of the test and control groups in the incidence of cytopathic effects (CPE) was determined using the one-way ANOVA test. A dose–response relationship was observed, with the cytotoxic effect occurring at higher concentrations of the extract (≥101.6 µg mL−1). The obtained results suggest possible use of this plant material for the production of various products (e.g., packaging, hygiene products, biodisinfectants, etc.) that would be useful against the spread of and for self-protection against COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese Knotweed Rhizome Bark Extract Inhibits Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Jug

Naumoska

2022

Bioengineering

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“…The researchers further found that among the 9 major phytochemical constituents in these PC extracts, only gallic acid significantly inhibited viral entry into HEK293T cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC 50 value of 23.5 μmol/L (Lin et al. 2022 ). Other studies have shown that EtOAc extract from the root of PC (12.5 μg/mL) could suppress the expression of Epstein-Barr virus lytic proteins and transcriptional genes, and the transcriptional inhibition rates of lytic genes BRLF1 and BZLF1 are 95.29% and 95.31%, respectively (Yiu et al.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances for pharmacological activities of Polygonum cuspidatum - A review

Shou³

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc (Polygonaceae), the root of which is included in the Chinese Pharmcopoeia under the name ‘Huzhang', has a long history as a medicinal plant and vegetable. Polygonum cuspidatum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia, etc. Objective This article reviews the pharmacological action and the clinical applications of Polygonum cuspidatum and its extracts, whether in vivo or in vitro . We also summarized the main phytochemical constituents and pharmacokinetics of Polygonum cuspidatum and its extracts. Methods The data were retrieved from major medical databases, such as CNKI, PubMed, and SinoMed, from 2014 to 2022. Polygonum cuspidatum , pharmacology, toxicity, clinical application, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords. Results The rhizomes, leaves, and flowers of Polygonum cuspidatum have different phytochemical constituents. The plant contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, and stilbenes. Polygonum cuspidatum and the extracts have anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anticancer, heart protection, and other pharmacological effects. It is used in the clinics to treat dizziness, headaches, traumatic injuries, and water and fire burns. Conclusions Polygonum cuspidatum has the potential to treat many diseases, such as arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cardiac hypertrophy. It has a broad range of medicinal applications, but mainly focused on root medication; its aerial parts should receive more attention. Pharmacokinetics also need to be further investigated.

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“…A withanone-enriched extract from Withania somnifera leaves has been found to be effective in mitigating the pathological responses induced by the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike (S) protein in humanised zebrafish. This extract was found to prevent skin haemorrhaging, modulate the immune response in the swim bladder and attenuate kidney necrosis(Balkrishna, Verma, et al, 2021;.Other studies have explored the effects of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix extracts on pseudovirus entry in zebrafish larvae Lin et al (2022). found that water and ethanol extracts of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix were effective in reducing the entry of both wild-type and omicron pseudotyped viruses in an intact zebrafish model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID‐19

Liu,

Kapralov,

Ashton

2024

Phytotherapy Research

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COVID‐19, which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Although some patients infected with COVID‐19 can remain asymptomatic, most experience a range of symptoms that can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell and muscle aches. In severe cases, complications can arise including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure and even death, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Treatments for COVID‐19 include remdesivir, which has been authorised for emergency use in some countries, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in severe cases. Biological drugs including monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, have also been authorised for emergency use in certain situations. While these treatments have improved the outcome for many patients, there is still an urgent need for new treatments. Medicinal plants have long served as a valuable source of new drug leads and may serve as a valuable resource in the development of COVID‐19 treatments due to their broad‐spectrum antiviral activity. To date, various medicinal plant extracts have been studied for their cellular and molecular interactions, with some demonstrating anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in vitro. This review explores the evaluation and potential therapeutic applications of these plants against SARS‐CoV‐2. This review summarises the latest evidence on the activity of different plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds against SARS‐CoV‐2, with a focus on the application of plant‐derived compounds in animal models and in human studies.

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The Extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Root and Rhizome Block the Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron Pseudotyped Viruses via Inhibition of the S-Protein and 3CL Protease

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Japanese Knotweed Rhizome Bark Extract Inhibits Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Japanese Knotweed Rhizome Bark Extract Inhibits Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Advances for pharmacological activities of Polygonum cuspidatum - A review

Plant‐derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID‐19

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