Short 6 mm dental implants are considered as an alternative to the maxillary sinus elevation and bone augmentation procedure where there is a reduced alveolar ridge height. The aim of this study was to compare the implant survival rate between short dental implants (6 mm) and regular length implants (11–13 mm) when placed in combination with bone grafting and loaded with a single non splinted crown, seven years after placing the implant. It was conducted as a controlled clinical study of 30 patients with partial edentulism in the posterior maxilla. The protocol included radiological and clinical evaluation of the C/I ratio (length of the superstructure divided by the length of the implant crestal part), marginal bone level (MBL), ultrasonography measurement of soft tissue surrounding implant (STT), patient-reported outcomes, and biological and technical complications. A total number of 28 implants (93%) remained integrated during follow-up period. MBL of 0.50 and 0.52 mm was observed for short implants and regular implants, respectively. MBL was checked for correlation with STT, and a negative correlation was found between MBL: STT. Our study has demonstrated a significantly lower implant survival rate for short implants compared to regular implants (87% compared to 100%). Despite the loss of several implants, good clinical results were achieved in the remaining implants in both groups. It is, therefore, worth considering short implants as an alternative to regular implants with a sinus lift surgery.

Rhizomes of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. are a traditional Chinese medicinal herb (Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma, hu zhang) used for treatment of numerous diseases including wound healing support. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the value of this herbal drug’s traditional use as a gingival healing treatment as well as to obtain the most active extract. In vitro studies were performed using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with determination of viability (MTT assay), cell proliferation (the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to visualize histone 3 expression), cell migration (wound healing assay), and evaluation of the expression of collagen type III (immunocytochemical staining) after incubation with extracts from R. japonica rhizomes (25% or 40% ethanol or 60% acetone). In addition to these extracts, commercial dental rinse (containing chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2%) was tested as the gold standard of choice for gum healing in dental practice. The studied extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using the validated HPLC/DAD/ESI-HR-QTOF-MS method. Total phenols and tannins content were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Low concentration of all extracts after 24 h incubation caused significant increase in HGF viability. This effect was most pronounced at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, which was selected for further experiments. All extracts (at 50 µg/mL) stimulated HGF to proliferate, migrate, and increase collagen III synthesis, but with different strength. The highest stimulated proliferation and migration activity was observed after incubation with 25% EtOH, which according to phytochemical analysis may be related to the highest content of resveratrol and an appropriate composition of procyanidins. The 25% EtOH extract from R. japonica rhizomes appears to be a promising gingival wound healing agent worthy of animal and clinical trials.

Background. The main goal of the treatment of the peri-implantitis is to decontaminate the surface of the implant, thereby enabling further treatment involving, e.g., guided bone regeneration. Since new implants of the rougher surface were introduced to the common dental practice, decontamination is even more difficult. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate 3 different methods of decontaminating implants with 3 different surfaces. Material and methods. A total of 30 dental implants with 3 different surface types (machined, sandblasted, and acid-etched (SLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated) were used in the study. Each group of implants was coated with Escherichia coli biofilm and cultivated. Afterwards, the implants were transferred to the jaw model and treated with a different method: sonic scaler mechanical debridement with a Woodpecker PT5 sonic scaler (1 st group), and mechanical debridement with sonic scaler and with the combination with chemical agent Perisolv ® (2 nd group), and with Er:YAG laser treatment (3 rd group). Each implant was treated with the specific method and sent for further microbiological evaluation. Results. The highest level of decontamination was achieved for machined-surface implants and the lowest for HA-coated implants. The method with the highest biofilm reduction was the scaler and Perisolv ® group. The highest level of decontamination of HA-coated implants were achieved for Er:YAG laser irradiation method. Conclusions. In the following paper, the superiority of combined chemical-mechanical method of decontaminating the surface of the implant on SLA and machined-surface implants was proved. On the contrary, Er:YAG laser irradiation was reported as the best option for decontamination of the HA-coated implants. In our opinion, it is a significant finding, revealing that the method of peri-implantitis management should be considered in accordance to the type of the surface of the implant (customized to the surface of the implant).

Departmental sources Background:Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory reaction affecting both hard and soft tissues surrounding dental implants. This pathological condition is caused by a polymicrobial aggressive biofilm that colonizes the implant and abutment surface at the peri-implant crevice level. The present in vitro study evaluated different methods of implant surface decontamination and assessed whether the type of the implant surface influences the results. Material/Methods:The study was conducted in an in vitro model of peri-implantitis using 30 implants. The implants were divided into 3 equal groups based on the surface characteristics: machined-surface, sand-blasted and acid-etched, and HA-coated. Implants were coated with E. coli biofilm. After an incubation period, they were decontaminated with 4 different methods: sonic scaler application, sonic scaler application with the chemical agent Perisolv ® combination, Er: YAG laser treatment, and PDT therapy with methylene blue as a photosensitizer. Results:The highest level of decontamination was achieved for machined-surface implants and for the combined chemical-mechanical and Er: YAG laser treatment. Conclusions:The results of our study suggest that the method of implant decontamination should be customized to the type of implant surface.

Background. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) is one of the most popular psychological scales used for diagnosing odontophobia worldwide. Despite being used by Polish researchers, it has never been validated in the Polish population. Also, there are no similar tools that could be used by dentists for screening.Objectives. The aim of this study was to validate and present the psychometric properties of the Dental Anxiety Scale adapted to Polish. The scale is a self-assessment tool designed to measure odontophobia and dental anxiety. Material and methods.The sample consisted of 162 adults. The adaptation to Polish of the DAS scale included a back-translation and a think-aloud study. The validation procedure incorporated 3 basic methods to be applied in the reliability analysis -the test-retest method, the statistical properties analysis of test items as well as a factor analysis. The general result of the responders was also compared to the anxiety-trait STAI scale and the neuroticism scale form IPIP-BMF-20.Results. The Cronbach's α was 0.9. The solution obtained in the exploratory factor analysis was a one-factor model, explaining 76.24% of the variance of responses. The test-retest gave a strong correlation (rho = 0.69, p < 0.001). The correlations between the DAS score, the anxiety-trait STAI score and the neuroticism scale form IPIP-BMF-20 were moderate, as expected. The percent of responders with odontophobia and intense dental anxiety was almost similar to the results of other studies. Conclusions.The psychometric characteristics of the Polish adaptation of the DAS scale are similar to those reported in the original version. The results allow us to recommend the method for scientific research and patient screening. However, further analyses are necessary to assess if the scores indicating odontophobia and dental anxiety are similar in Poland and in the USA.

In recent years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has undertaken wide-ranging epidemiological research with the purpose of discovering and confirming correlations between mental disorders and somatic diseases. Despite strong evidence for the existence of a two-way dependence between psychological disorders and general diseases, interest in studying the similar impact of oral health is still low. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the multidirectional dependencies between mental, oral and somatic health, and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to each psychiatric patient. The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published between 1994 and 2018 which involved studies examining the interdependencies between oral, general and mental health, using the following keywords: "comorbidities", "common mental disorders", "mental health", "oral health", "depression", "periodontitis", and "WHO". This review highlights the fact that there is still limited discussion on the importance of the impact of oral health on the general health of psychiatric patients. Data gathered in this paper suggests that an oral examination of mentally ill patients should be considered mandatory.

Tooth extractions, especially of impacted lower third molars, are among the most common procedures performed in dental practices. The continuity of the patient’s oral mucosa, which is interrupted during them, can manifest itself in general discomfort, pain, swelling, and even trismus. In the age of cosmetic dentistry, when lost teeth are restored through implant, prosthetic, and orthodontic treatment, each tooth extraction actually reduces the amount of available alveolar bone. This has prompted researchers to develop extraction sockets treatment procedures that reduce the negative consequences of surgical intervention while also enhancing the rate of alveolar bone and soft tissue regeneration using minimally invasive approaches. This is expected to enable or significantly facilitate further stages of treatment. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the use of autologous blood preparations, which are considered to aid regenerative processes when applied to extraction sockets.

Introduction: The problem of implant rehabilitation for maxillary atrophy is crucial. It involves the use of short implants or sinus-lift and the establishment of standard implants. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of short (6 mm long) dental implants of two different surfaces in 36 months of follow-up. Material and methods: Thirty generally healthy patients with good oral hygiene, treated with short implants (6 mm long and 4 mm in diameter) due to individual missing teeth in the lateral aspects of maxilla were qualified for the study. Patients were divided into two equal groups. The first group consisted of patients treated with sandblasted and additionally etched (SLA) implants, whereas in the second group, electrochemically hydroxyapatite-coated implants were used. Periodontal indexes such as pocket depth probing (PPD), height of keratinized gingiva (HKT), recession depth/width, and clinical attachment level were evaluated on the day of surgery and after 36 months. Additionally, the orthopantomographic X-ray was carried out in order to assess the marginal bone loss (MBL). Results: The success rate in both groups were 100%. The mean MBL was 0.34 mm for SLA and 0.33 mm for hydroxyapatite (HA) implants, with no statistically important differences. The only statistically important differences were seen in PPD and HKT parameters: 2.53 ± 0.83 mm vs. 1.47 ± 0.64 mm, and 2.27 ± 0.96 mm vs. 3.30 ± 1.08 mm for SLA and HA implants, respectively. Conclusions: Short implants can be considered as a predictable method of treatment in the lateral aspects of maxilla. There are no differences in survival rate between SLA-and HA-surfaced implants in 36 months of follow-up.