In Vitro Biodegradation Pattern of Collagen Matrices for Soft Tissue Augmentation

Abstract

Collagen matrices have become a great alternative to the use of connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation procedures. One of the main problems with these matrices is their volume instability and rapid degradation. This study has been designed with the objective of examining the degradation of three matrices over time. For this purpose, pieces of 10 × 10 mm2 of Fibro-Gide, Mucograft and Mucoderm were submitted to three different degradation tests—(1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS); (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution; and (3) bacterial collagenase resistance (Clostridium histolyticum)—over different immersion periods of up to 50 days. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain the matrices’ images. ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were used for mean comparisons (p < 0.05), except when analyzing differences between time-points within the same matrix and solution, where pair-wise comparisons were applied (p < 0.001). Fibro-Gide attained the highest resistance to all degradation challenges. The bacterial collagenase solution was shown to constitute the most aggressive test as all matrices presented 100% degradation before 14 days of storage.

The Collagen Origin Influences the Degradation Kinetics of Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes

“…Evolution X-fine was the only membrane that reached 50 d of immersion, but with a great rate of resorption in C. histolyticum (Tables 2 and 3). The rapid degradation of collagen membranes in this medium has been previously verified by other authors, Vallecillo et al [34] observed early degradation when three collagen matrices were submitted to the C. histolyticum assay. Fibro-Gide, a cross-linked collagen matrix, was uniquely able to withstand 7 d of storage in a bacterial collagenase test.…”

In Vitro Direct and Indirect Cytotoxicity Comparative Analysis of One Pre-Hydrated versus One Dried Acellular Porcine Dermal Matrix

“…PADMs proved to possess these requirements and have previously been proposed to enhance peri-implant soft tissue regeneration, gaining attached mucosa around dental implants in the oral cavity. Several studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] demonstrated that due to biocompatibility as well as a sufficient physical, chemical, and mechanical stability, PADMs are replaced by new connective tissue within approximately 6–9 months, resulting in complete integration in the host tissue [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Although several studies have investigated the biologic and chemical–physical features of PADMs [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], the biocompatibility of these matrices with human primary mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs) is rarely described [ 21 ]. In vitro assays of HPMSCs offer a proper model for studying the interactions of these cells with matrices.…”

Influence of Biomimetically Mineralized Collagen Scaffolds on Bone Cell Proliferation and Immune Activation

“…Another important cause of a denser structure of MCS in comparison with UCS could be a partial collapse and shrinkage of the inner architecture of the collagen foam due to a hydrolytic degradation of collagen in the Tris–HCl buffer during mineralization. Surprisingly, a fast hydrolytic degradation of three different commercial porcine collagen matrices, based on native dermal type I and III collagen, was recently described by Vallecillo et al [ 50 ]. After 48 h of immersion of the samples in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C, the authors observed considerable volume and weight losses of collagen matrices—all the three matrices experienced a loss of weight between 40 and 80%.…”