Influence of Biomimetically Mineralized Collagen Scaffolds on Bone Cell Proliferation and Immune Activation

Abstract

Collagen, as the main component of connective tissue, is frequently used in various tissue engineering applications. In this study, porous sponge-like collagen scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying and were then mineralized in a simulated body fluid. The mechanical stability was similar in both types of scaffolds, but the mineralized scaffolds (MCS) contained significantly more calcium, magnesium and phosphorus than the unmineralized scaffolds (UCS). Although the MCS contained a lower percentage (~32.5%) of pores suitable for cell ingrowth (113–357 μm in diameter) than the UCS (~70%), the number of human-osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on days 1, 3 and 7 after seeding was higher on MCS than on UCS, and the cells penetrated deeper into the MCS. The cell growth in extracts prepared by eluting the scaffolds for 7 days in a cell culture medium was also markedly higher in the MCS extracts, as indicated by real-time monitoring in the sensory xCELLigence system for 7 days. From this point of view, MCS are more promising for bone tissue engineering than UCS. However, MCS evoked a more pronounced inflammatory response than UCS, as indicated by the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells in cultures on these scaffolds.

Cardiovascular abnormalities and its correlation with genotypes of children with osteogenesis imperfecta

“…The reduction and disorganization of type I collagen might not only change the structure, but also affect the function of the heart ( 10 ). OI is a complex disease in which the quantity or the structure of collagen could be changed, therefore, hearts and main pulmonary arteries might be involved in OI patients ( 5 ). A previous study revealed that the heart and main pulmonary artery had decreased numbers and disorganization of collagens in perinatal lethal OI type II patients ( 30 ).…”

“…Moreover, in Oim mouse model with defects of α2 chains of type I collagen, a disturbance in the ascending aorta was found, but without significant changes in LV structures and functions ( 36 , 37 ). As type I collagen is a heterotrimer of two α1 and one α2 chains ( 5 ), we speculated that the difference of echocardiographic abnormalities might be correlated to the different changes in the structure and metabolism of type I collagen induced by various pathogenic gene mutations.…”

“…collagen could be changed, therefore, hearts and main pulmonary arteries might be involved in OI patients (5). A previous study revealed that the heart and main pulmonary artery had decreased numbers and disorganization of collagens in perinatal lethal OI type II patients (30).…”

“…In recent years, the classification of OI has evolved with advances in molecular diagnosis which results in at least 20 forms of OI according to different gene mutations ( 4 ). Other collagen-rich tissues can also be affected in OI patients, including sclera, skin, heart and tendon, and so on ( 5 ). Extra-skeletal manifestations of OI include blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta, joint hypermobility, hearing impairment, cardiovascular and pulmonary complications ( 6 ).…”

Viability and Adhesion of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on a Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Combined with Collagen, Polylactic Acid–Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Preclinical Pilot Study

“…Recent studies reported that collagen scaffolds combined with HAp improved bone formation, because they were readily absorbed. Likewise, studies demonstrated that collagen scaffolds, despite having mechanical properties similar to those of other scaffolds, when combined with HAp and other minerals improved cell proliferation by means of osteogenic and osteoimmunomodulation processes [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of HAp-egg shell collagen scaffolds enriched with PLGA/PRF for PdLF cell adhesion and viability.…”