In Vitro Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Sungkai (Peronema Canescens) Leaf Extract

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities and to evaluate the selectivity indices of acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Peronema canescens leaves. Methods:Antiplasmodial activity was measured in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum strains D10 and FCR3 by 72 h incubation at 37 °C in a candle jar. Parasitaemia was calculated by counting the parasite numbers in thin smears. In vitro cytotoxicity was assayed in Vero cells using 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and reading the absorbency at 595 nm with an ELISA reader. The assessed parameters included: 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of antiplasmodial activity, IC50Results: The IC of cytotoxic activity and the selectivity index of the Peronema canescens leaf extract. 50 values for the acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were 26.33±1.65, 37.96±8.17 and 12.26±1.05 μg/ml, respectively, against the Plasmodium falciparum D10 strain and 51.14±8.65, 70.22±14.13 and 34.85±6.04 μg/ml, respectively, against the FCR3 strain. For Vero cells, the IC50 Conclusion:The aqueous extract of Peronema canescens leaves had the highest in vitro antiplasmodial activity and the best selectivity index. values for the acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were 23.37±5.63, 629.46±24.85 and 634.00±144.82 μg/ml, respectively. The selectivity indices of these extracts were 0.89, 16.46 and 51.70, respectively, for the D10 strain and 0.46, 8.90 and 18.00, respectively, for the FCR3 strain.

A Review of Sungkai (Peronema Canescens): Traditional Usage, Phytoconstituent, and Pharmacological Activities

“…According to [36], their research proved that the administration of PC leaf extract up to 0.75 mg/kg BW to Mus musculus as an animal test on the parameter period of organogenesis resulted in no statistically significant effect on how the fetus of animal test grew or changed on the outside. This study found that PC leaves extract usage at a maximum dose of 0.75 mg/kg BW was safe.…”

Therapeutic potentials of sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) an Indonesian luxurious woody plant

“…The other research on anti-malarial potential of sungkai plant was done by Swandiet al (2018) by giving leaves extract of the plants grown in South Sumatra to the two PlasmodiumfalciparumstrainsD10andFCR3wich were maintained in vitro in human eritrocytes cultures. After the parasite and extract were mixed an incubated for 72 h at 37 o C, apparently, both Plasmodium strains experienced significant growth inhibition.In this experiment, the researchers tested three kinds of extracts at once, namely: acetone, ethanol, and water extracts.Among the three types of extract they used, the water extract showed the best result [8].…”

Pharmacognostic Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack.) Methanol Extract From Indonesia

“…In addition, flavonoid compounds and tannins, which belong to the group of phenolic compounds and generally have antioxidant activity, will have a mutually reinforcing effect 39&40 . In addition, P. canescens leaves were reported to have several pharmacological activities, including immunostimulant 41 , anti-inflammatory 42 antidiabetic 25 , antiplasmodial 43 , and antihyperuricemia 44 . However, further research is needed to prove these activities.…”