In vitro anti-HIV and antioxidant activity of Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae), a commercial plant product

Abstract

Background Hoodia gordonii products are widely commercialized for anti-obesity purposes; however, minimal research is available on the other health properties demonstrated by this popular herbal plant.Methods H. gordonii crude extracts (ethanol and ethyl acetate) were assayed for in vitro anti-HIV-1 protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays were used for the antioxidant analysis. In addition, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the extracts were determined using standard methods.Results H. gordonii extract demonstrated good inhibition against HIV RT with IC50 values of 73.55 ± 0.04 and 69.81 ± 9.45 μg/mL for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Both extracts also demonstrated inhibitory activity against HIV PR with IC50 values of 97.29 ± 0.01 and 63.76 ± 9.01 μg/mL for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. In addition, H. gordonii also showed good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 124.6 ± 11.3 and 126.2 ± 3.15 μg/mL obtained for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. The reducing power of H. gordonii extracts increased as the concentration increased which confirmed the presence of antioxidants (reductants) in the extracts. Phytochemical screening of H. gordonii revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and tannins in the ethanolic extract, while the ethyl acetate extract only showed the presence of phenolics, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The total phenolic content was 420 ± 0.17 and 319.9 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g for the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. The ethanol extract, which revealed the presence of tannins, had a tannin content of 330 ± 0.2 mg TAE/g extract.ConclusionThis data suggests that H. gordonii has good in vitro inhibition against selected HIV-1 enzymes as well as antioxidant properties, suggesting new potential uses for this commercial plant.

Assessment of growth‐related parameters and immune‐biochemical profile of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fed dietaryulva fasciataextract

“…The higher increase in both SOD and CAT in fish fed with UFME compared to fish fed with control diet indicated that UFME maintaining an adequate antioxidant status in the body. Similar findings were observed by Kapewangolo et al, (2016) and Akbary and Aminikhoei, (2018). The powerful anti-oxidative properties of UFME were additional proven by its efficiency to improve anti-oxidative abilities in blood, gills, liver and muscle of tilapia.…”

Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

“…In addition, both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had weak inhibition against HIV-1 integrase (IN) with <50% inhibition at the highest concentration tested of 400 μg/mL. Sodium azide was used as a positive control compound for IN inhibition [ 101 ]. In the same study, phytochemical screening of Hoodia gordonii was revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and tannins in the ethanolic extract, while the ethyl acetate extract only showed the presence of phenolics, cardiac glycosides and steroids.…”

Effects of phytase enzyme supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Additionally, SOD is a crucial enzyme that eliminates ROS, which poses a hazard to cells under stress by inflicting spectacular damage to the cell structure and biomolecular function, promptly or incidentally leading to a variety of disorders (Costa et al, 2010). This research concludes that fish‐fed LP had greater SOD and CAT activity than fish fed the control and DCP diets, suggesting that phytase enzyme might modulate the Nile tilapia's antioxidant status (Kapewangolo et al, 2016). These findings corroborate those made by Adeshina, Akpoilih, Udom, et al (2023), who claimed that phytase enzyme (1000 FTU/kg) heightened catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity.…”