Assessment of growth‐related parameters and immune‐biochemical profile of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fed dietaryulva fasciataextract

Abstract

Worldwide fish production continues to go beyond world population growth and fish farming remains the field that grows faster than many other fields (Moffitt & Cajas-Cano, 2014). After 40 years of constant growth in fish farming-related production, over half of the fish used globally is supplied by this sector and most of the aquatic products create an important food source with increasing economic importance (Moffitt & Cajas-Cano, 2014). Diseases of water living organisms like fish are the most restriction to the progress of the worldwide fish farming related manufacturing and commerce. Moreover, malnutrition and environmental stressors may affect fish growth and ability to defend against infections (Meena et al., 2013). Antimicrobial agents such as oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, etc. have been broadly used to eliminate infections related to various microbes such as Aeromonas hydrophila (Depaola et al., 1995). Excessive usage of antimicrobial agents in fish farms provides a selective pressure generating drug-resistant bacteria in addition, transportable resistance genes in fish microbes (Heuer et al., 2009). Resistance genes may possibly broadcast by horizontal gene transmission and become human pathogens or drug-resistant pathogens and the occurrence of resistance to these antimicrobial

"Ulva Species Usage in Aquaculture: Current Status and Future Prospective"

“…As shown in Table 9 [115][116][117][118], adding Ulva meal as a powder generally boosted growth at low levels but had the lowest growth performance at high levels, depending on the specific Ulva species, fish species, and addition method. Diler, et al [92] discovered that fish fed a diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent U. rigida that replaced wheat meal starch showed the best growth by 5 percent meal inclusion, while fish fed a diet supplemented with 20 percent Ulva meal showed the worst growth performance.…”

“…As for the relationship of using Ulva extracts on growth performance parameters, when Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed various quantities of U. clathrate [108] and U. fasciata [116]as extract, no significant effects were observed. But, Akbary and Aminikhoei [115] discovered that feeding grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) on 10 mg/ kg of U. rigida extract resulted in a faster growth rate.…”

“…When Nile tilapia (Oreachromis niloticus) [18] and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon juvenile) [104] were fed U. fasciata as extract and U. lactuca as powder respectively, found no influence on feed intake, as indicated in Table 10 [104,118]. In contrast, Yıldırım, et al [118] reported that fish groups fed with the diet containing U. lactuca powder of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (32.96 0.29g) had lower daily dry feed intake and total feed intake than those of the control group.…”

“…Due to eutrophication-driven tides in shallow areas, Ulva is becoming more essential in coastal ecosystem management [16,17]; besides, it has become available to do much research in the field of aquaculture; for example, U. fasciata [18], U. lactuca [19], U. rigida [20], and U. clathrata [21].…”

“…These data varied according to fish spp., Ulva spp., concentrations used, and method of use. However, most of them dealt with Ulva as powder and few studies reported on Ulva as fresh and extract; besides, few studies documented its effects on growth, immune, and antioxidant-related gene expressions [18]. In general, the economic, academic, environmental, and biological significance of macro-algae, especially of Ulva spp.…”