In situ EELS observation of diamond during hydrogen-ion bombardment

Kushita, Kouhei N.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(92)90783-h

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…When these DNWs were exposed to hydrogen plasma, the hydrogen terminated on the a -C phases were abstracted due to the presence of atomic hydrogen in the hydrogen plasma, leaving behind the reactive dangling bond on newly formed carbon, which formed double bonds with the other dangling bond instantaneously, resulting in the formation of graphitic phase as depicted in Figure b that enhanced markedly electrical conductivity and EFE behaviors for DNW10 films. The increase in graphitic phase in diamond films after hydrogen beam irradiation is also seen in EELS spectra by Kushita et al Atomic hydrogen contained in hydrogen plasma is a very aggressive species, which is capable of etching both the sp 2 - and sp 3 -bonded carbons. Therefore, when the DNWs were kept in hydrogen plasma for longer time, not only did the graphitic phases disappear but also the wirelike diamond started to breakdown into smaller pieces, as depicted in Figure c, which accounts for the degradation of both the electrical conductivity and the EFE properties for DNW15 films.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Direct Observation and Mechanism for Enhanced Electron Emission in Hydrogen Plasma-Treated Diamond Nanowire Films

Panda

Sankaran

Panigrahi

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on the electrical conductivity and electron field emission (EFE) properties for diamond nanowire (DNW) films were systematically investigated. The DNW films were deposited on silicon substrate by N2-based microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy depicted that DNW films mainly consist of wirelike diamond nanocrystals encased in a nanographitic sheath, which formed conduction channels for efficient electron transport and hence lead to excellent electrical conductivity and EFE properties for these films. Hydrogen plasma treatment initially enhanced the electrical conductivity and EFE properties of DNW films and then degraded with an increase in treatment time. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy in current imaging tunneling spectroscopy mode clearly shows significant increase in local emission sites in 10 min hydrogen plasma treated diamond nanowire (DNW10) films as compared to the pristine films that is ascribed to the formation of graphitic phase around the DNWs due to the hydrogen plasma treatment process. The degradation in EFE properties of extended (15 min) hydrogen plasma-treated DNW films was explained by the removal of nanographitic phase surrounding the DNWs. The EFE process of DNW10 films can be turned on at a low field of 4.2 V/μm and achieved a high EFE current density of 5.1 mA/cm(2) at an applied field of 8.5 V/μm. Moreover, DNW10 films with high electrical conductivity of 216 (Ω cm)(-1) overwhelm that of other kinds of UNCD films and will create a remarkable impact to diamond-based electronics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Direct Observation and Mechanism for Enhanced Electron Emission in Hydrogen Plasma-Treated Diamond Nanowire Films

Panda

Sankaran

Panigrahi

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…At low temperatures the materials will amorphize under displacement damage. The process starts at about 0.1 dpa and is complete at 0.5 dpa [37]. For temperatures between 600 and 750 K at 10 −6 dpa s −1 the diamond structure has been observed to be stabilized, with the temperature range for which diamond is favoured extended upwards as the damage rate is increased [38].…”

Section: Carbon-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Innovative materials for fusion power plant structures: separating functions

Stoneham¹,

Matthews

Ford

2004

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Fusion reactors create extreme conditions for structures close to the plasma. It seems unlikely that materials currently being considered can meet all performance requirements under such conditions. We explore the possibility of separating functionality in composite structures to overcome this barrier. To this end, several suggestions of directions are made for the search for such materials. In particular, we note some of the new materials that have become available only in the last two decades. Those discussed include the use of diamondlike carbon coatings, nano-structured materials, layered structures, stacked structures, and viscous coatings, including more complex carbon composite materials. Materials modelling will be an important component in the search for viable materials. However, the extreme conditions and the nature of the radiation damage demand extensions both to molecular dynamics and to the much-used Norgett-Robinson-Torrens model. We identify some of the relevant condensed matter challenges for modelling and materials testing in the fusion context, including the relevance of spallation source neutron testing to fusion materials evaluation.

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“…In situ EELS has been a useful tool in the investigation of time-dependant dynamic processes in a variety of cases ranging from ion and electron irradiation damage~Kushita et al, 1992;Trasobares et al, 2002;Mkhoyan et al, 2006! to chemical kinetics of catalysis~Crozier, 2006!.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications ofIn SituElectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy to the Study of Electron Beam Nanofabrication

et al. 2009

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An in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique has been developed to investigate the dynamic processes associated with electron-beam nanofabrication on thin membranes. In this article, practical applications germane to e-beam nanofabrication are illustrated with a case study of the drilling of nanometer-sized pores in silicon nitride membranes. This technique involves successive acquisitions of the plasmon-loss and the core-level ionization-loss spectra in real time, both of which provide the information regarding the hole-drilling kinetics, including two respective rates for total mass loss, individual nitrogen and silicon element depletion, and the change of the atomic bonding environment. In addition, the in situ EELS also provides an alternative method for endpoint detection with a potentially higher time resolution than by imaging. On the basis of the time evolution of in situ EELS spectra, a qualitative working model combining knock-on sputtering, irradiation-induced mass transport, and phase separation can be proposed.

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In situ EELS observation of diamond during hydrogen-ion bombardment

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Direct Observation and Mechanism for Enhanced Electron Emission in Hydrogen Plasma-Treated Diamond Nanowire Films

Direct Observation and Mechanism for Enhanced Electron Emission in Hydrogen Plasma-Treated Diamond Nanowire Films

Innovative materials for fusion power plant structures: separating functions

The Applications ofIn SituElectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy to the Study of Electron Beam Nanofabrication

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