Improving the properties of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field for a high-performance humidity sensor

Tippo, Posak; Singjai, Pisith; Sroila, Waraporn; Jaisamer, Tipsuda; Suttanon, Nongpanita; Panthawan, Arisara; Kantarak, Ekkapong; Sroila, Wattikon; Thongsuwan, Wiradej; Kumpika, Tewasin; Wiranwetchayan, Orawan

doi:10.1039/d1ra07490c

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is therefore different from the Tauc gap usually reported [34]. Its value of around 2.1 eV, in the case of the Fe-rich AISI 304 outer layer, and 2.8 eV for the Ni-rich Inconel 600 outer layer differs from the Tauc gap which is around 2.35 eV for Fe2O3 [35] and 3.7 eV for NiO [36].…”

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confidence: 68%

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

et al. 2023

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UV-visible spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to study the thickness and composition of the oxidized zone in Fe- and Ni-based alloys as a function of oxygen partial pressure. In the case of AISI 304 stainless steel, the weathered thickness increases with oxygen partial pressure, whereas in the case of Inconel 600, it appears to be independent of oxygen pressure. This trend is confirmed by the AFM measurements. For both materials studied, the oxygen-modified zone consists of two layers as confirmed by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) measurements. The thicknesses of these two layers vary differently on either side of an oxygen partial pressure of 0.1 Torr. In the case of AISI 304 stainless steel, the thickness of the Fe-rich outer layer decreases in favor of the Cr-rich inner layer. In the case of Inconel 600, the trend is reversed. The Ni-rich outer layer increases significantly above this critical pressure, while the Cr-rich inner layer decreases slightly. The composition of each layer in the oxidized zone is discussed in terms of its dielectric function in relation to reference material. The use of UV-visible ellipsometry as a non-destructive tool to study the structure and composition of the oxide bilayer of absorbing systems such as the alloys under investigation is a first.

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confidence: 68%

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

et al. 2023

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“…The precision of air humidity measurement is one of the basic factors for accurate weather forecasting. A close look at humidity and its consequences discloses that low and high humidity both can harm all kinds of living or nonliving things, for example, the growth of fungus on materials in wet conditions on food products, papers, and leathers, various kinds of fabrics, woods, and corrosion of metals due to soaring humidity [30,31]. On a global scale using remotely placed satellites inbuilt sensors, the humidity is measured in terms of percent relative humidity (%RH) for climate monitoring and weather forecast, which detect the amount of water vapor present in the troposphere [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Application for Enhancing the Humidity-Sensing Properties of Poly(dioctylfluorene)

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we report on the synthesis—via the wet chemical precipitation route method—and thin film characteristics of inorganic semiconductor, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles, for their potential application in enhancing the humidity-sensing properties of semiconducting polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8). For morphological analysis of the synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs are studied to investigate the texture, distribution, shape, and sizes of Cu2O crystallites. The TEM image of the Cu2O nanoparticles exhibits somewhat non-uniform distribution with almost uniform shape and size having an average particle size of ≈24 ± 2 nm. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra are studied to validate the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is performed to analyze the surface morphology of polymer-inorganic (F8-Cu2O) nanocomposites thin film to see the grain sizes, mosaics, and average surface roughness. In order to study the enhancement in sensing properties of F8, a hybrid organic–inorganic (F8-Cu2O) surface-type humidity sensor Ag/F8-Cu2O/Ag is fabricated by employing F8 polymer as an active matrix layer and Cu2O nanoparticles as a dopant. The Ag/F8-Cu2O/Ag device is prepared by spin coating a 10:1 wt% solution of F8-Cu2O nanocomposite on pre-patterned silver (Ag) electrodes on glass. The inter-electrode gap (≈5 μm) between Ag is developed by photolithography. To study humidity sensing, the Ag/F8-Cu2O/Ag device is characterized by measuring its capacitance (C) as a function of relative humidity (%RH) at two different frequencies (120 Hz and 1 kHz). The device exhibits a broad humidity sensing range (27–86%RH) with shorter response time and recovery time, i.e., 9 s and 8 s, respectively. The present results show significant enhancement in the humidity-sensing properties as compared to our previously reported results of Ag/F8/Ag sensor wherein the humidity sensing range was 45–78%RH with 15 s and 7 s response and recovery times, respectively. The improvement in the humidity-sensing properties is attributed to the potential use of Cu2O nanoparticles, which change the hydrophobicity, surface to volume ratio of Cu2O nanoparticles, as well as modification in electron polarizability and polarity of the F8 matrix layer.

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“…These peaks are associated with the characteristics of the CNT and the graphite. To further investigate the crystallinity of CNT, we use Bragg's equation 27 :…”

Section: Crystallinity and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing improvement of response and stability of strain sensor based on CNT‐bioplastic composite for estimation of elbow angles

Tippo,

Maruthappan,

Ručman

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Bioplastic is an emerging candidate for replacing traditional fossil‐based plastics due to its fewer carbon emissions, ease of recycling, and high degradability. Current research has shown that bioplastics benefit many applications, such as packaging, kitchenware, drug delivery, and sensors. However, high electrical resistance and poor stability of bioplastic are barriers to electronic components in robotic, bionic, and exoskeleton applications. Here, we introduce a novel bioplastic application as a strain sensor to estimate elbow angles for controlling exoskeletons. This study utilized extracted agar from red algae as the matrix, incorporating various concentrations of carbon nanotube (CNT) as a filler. The results were remarkable, with the increase in filler concentration not only improving strain from 0.8 to 1.1 but also stress from 35.2 to 45.8 kPa, surpassing commercial plastic by approximately two times. The optimized sensors have a response time of 0.16 s, a recovery time of 0.25 s, and stability over 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, the CNT‐bioplastic sensor is seamlessly integrated with the exoskeleton. Our work is a significant step toward using bioplastic in electronic applications.

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Improving the properties of Fe₂O₃ by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field for a high-performance humidity sensor

Abstract: Fe2O3 deposition by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Application for Enhancing the Humidity-Sensing Properties of Poly(dioctylfluorene)

Processing improvement of response and stability of strain sensor based on CNT‐bioplastic composite for estimation of elbow angles

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Improving the properties of Fe2O3 by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field for a high-performance humidity sensor

Abstract: Fe2O3 deposition by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

Oxides Film Formed on Fe- and Ni-Based Alloys: An Ellipsometry Insight

Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Application for Enhancing the Humidity-Sensing Properties of Poly(dioctylfluorene)

Processing improvement of response and stability of strain sensor based on CNT‐bioplastic composite for estimation of elbow angles

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Improving the properties of Fe₂O₃ by a sparking method under a uniform magnetic field for a high-performance humidity sensor