“…STEM education provides opportunities for teachers to show students how concepts, principles and techniques from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are used in an integrated manner in the development of products, processes and systems used in their daily lives. Therefore, previous studies [12]- [14] adopt the definition of STEM education as an interdisciplinary approach to learning, in which students use science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in real contexts that connect schools, the world of work, and the global world, thus developing STEM literacy that enables students to compete in a new knowledge-based economic era. In addition, STEM learning provides direct learning experiences to students about mastery of knowledge, attitudes, and skills to identify questions and problems in student life.…”