Improvement of physical education programmes for students. medical aspects
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Background. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of dosed walking to improve on physical activity (PA) and the quality of life (QOL) of people after kidney transplantation. Material and methods. Analyzes the results of treatment of 57 recipients (mean age - 35 ± 9,65) donor kidney at different times of the postoperative period. Depending on the physical rehabilitation program allocated 2 groups of patients: II group - physical rehabilitation was carried out only in the first week after surgery to prevent early postoperative complications, in group I - during the year. In group III combined 30 relatively healthy people do not need an organ transplant and with a mean age 33,7 ± 8,7 years, leading a normal life, not engaged in regular recreational physical culture.Physical activity was assessed using a pedometers OMRON WalkingStyleOne HJ-152. Quality of life was assessed using a questionnaire SF36 at 1, 3, 6 and a 12 months after surgery. Results. One year after surgery in both groups compared with preoperative indicators marked improvement physical activity (PA) and the quality of life (QOL). However, in the first group indicators of PA and QOL were higher than in the second group from 50,46 to 32%, and even some items indicators PA and SF-36 is higher than in Group III, which is associated with the physical rehabilitation. Conclusions. Dosed walking is an important part of treatment and rehabilitation after kidney transplantation and allows you to increase physical activity and significantly improved quality of life due to a physical component.
Background. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of dosed walking to improve on physical activity (PA) and the quality of life (QOL) of people after kidney transplantation. Material and methods. Analyzes the results of treatment of 57 recipients (mean age - 35 ± 9,65) donor kidney at different times of the postoperative period. Depending on the physical rehabilitation program allocated 2 groups of patients: II group - physical rehabilitation was carried out only in the first week after surgery to prevent early postoperative complications, in group I - during the year. In group III combined 30 relatively healthy people do not need an organ transplant and with a mean age 33,7 ± 8,7 years, leading a normal life, not engaged in regular recreational physical culture.Physical activity was assessed using a pedometers OMRON WalkingStyleOne HJ-152. Quality of life was assessed using a questionnaire SF36 at 1, 3, 6 and a 12 months after surgery. Results. One year after surgery in both groups compared with preoperative indicators marked improvement physical activity (PA) and the quality of life (QOL). However, in the first group indicators of PA and QOL were higher than in the second group from 50,46 to 32%, and even some items indicators PA and SF-36 is higher than in Group III, which is associated with the physical rehabilitation. Conclusions. Dosed walking is an important part of treatment and rehabilitation after kidney transplantation and allows you to increase physical activity and significantly improved quality of life due to a physical component.
Assessment of the influence of physical activity by a modified method on metabolic processes in students
Внедрение новых методик подготовки спортсменов и обучения физической культуре требует обязательного медицинского сопровождения. Информативность диагностики функциональной адекватности используемых нагрузок достигается при условии многопараметровых одновременных тестирований систем, определяющих общий гомеостаз организма. Цель. Оценка изменений в преобладающем направлении обменных процессов при занятиях физической культурой по оригинальной методике, с повышенным уровнем нагрузки. Методы. Методом лазерной корреляционной спектроскопии исследованы пробы мочи 179 студентов 1-2 курсов, исходный возраст 17,5 ± 1,5 года, из них 126 девушек и 53 юноши. Для изучения параметров психомоторной регуляции (приборно-аппаратный комплекс «УПМД-01-ИНТОКС») и их связи с преобладающим направлением обменных процессов обследовано 600 школьников обоего пола в возрасте от 15 до 16 лет, не отягощенных верифицированными хроническими заболеваниями. Результаты. Первичное измерение было предпринято с целью выявления преобладающих направлений метаболических сдвигов в изучаемой группе до начала обучения по разработанной методике. Показано, что основной вклад вносят катаболические и анаболические сдвиги (49% и 41% соответственно) при небольшом представительстве смешанных (7%) и нормальных (3%). Через 1 год занятий по разработанной методике выявлено статистически значимое снижение доли студентов с анаболическим характером обменных процессов. Для дополнительного обоснования связи обменных процессов и параметров психомоторной функции организма, являющейся основой в обеспечении физиологии движения, было обследовано 600 школьников обоего пола в возрасте от 15 до 16 лет, не отягощенных верифицированными хроническими заболеваниями. По мере снижения анаболического и нарастания степени катаболического сдвига наблюдается снижение частот встречаемости и наиболее длительных циклов движения, а также ошибочных коррекций как со стороны экстензоров, так и флексоров. Описанная закономерность выявляется по всем 5 независимым критериям и в строгом соответствии со степенью нарастания катаболических сдвигов и, соответственно, уменьшения анаболических. Заключение. Обнаруженная связь характера обменных процессов с некоторыми показателями психомоторики дает основания полагать, что методика обучения физической культуре с повышенными нагрузками при дальнейшем применении окажет благотворное воздействие на здоровье студентов. Introduction of new methods of athletic training and physical education requires obligatory medical support. The optimal approach is the technique that allows achieving intensive progress of sports mastery and physical fitness under conditions of greatest balance of individual indicators and integrated level of functional systems that determine the adaptive reserves of the body and fully meet the criteria of healthy population of the same age and gender. Informative diagnostics of functional adequacy of physical exercise can be achieved via simultaneous multivariate testing of systems determining the integral body homeostasis. Goal. Evaluation of changes in prevailing direction of metabolic processes during physical exercise by the original methodology characterized by intensive physical exercise. Methods. Urine samples from 179 first-second-year students aged 17.5 ± 1.5 years (initially), 126 girls and 53 boys, were analyzed by laser correlation spectroscopy. To study parameters of psychomotor regulation (UPMD-01-INTOKS complex) and their correlations with predominant direction of metabolic processes 600 schoolchildren of both sexes aged 15-16 years without documented chronic diseases (I health group) were tested. Results. Baseline parameters were measured to characterize the prevailing directions of metabolic shifts in the examined group before the start of training by the developed technique. Predominant contribution of catabolic and anabolic shifts (49% and 41%, respectively) and minor contribution of mixed (7%) and normal (3%) shifts were found. After 1-year training by the developed technique, the number of students with anabolic type of metabolic processes significantly decreased. As anabolic shifts decrease and catabolic shifts increase, the frequencies of the longest movement cycles of both extensors and flexors, the most erroneous corrections, and the most stressed states of flexor-extensor muscles decreased. This pattern was revealed for all 5 independent criteria and in strict accordance with the increase of catabolic and decrease in anabolic shifts. Conclusion. The revealed correlation between the directions of metabolic processes and some psychomotor parameters suggests that this technique will have a positive impact on the health of students.
Background: By the end of university, the proportion of medical students with chronic diseases usually increases while physical activity and fitness decrease. Objective: To assess physical development of final-year medical university students and clinical residents. Materials and methods: We have assessed physical health of 16 final-year medical students and 14 first-year medical residents (20.0 % and 25.0 % of the sample population in 2019–2022, respectively). We measured body height, weight, chest circumference, leading hand force, lung capacity, hemodynamic parameters at rest, after exercise and recovery and the mean dynamic pressure in all study participants. We also estimated Quetelet, Pignet, and Robinson indices and those of force, vitality, endurance, and functional changes. In addition, we assessed living conditions, nutrition, and daily energy expenditures of the young people. Results: We established that, under conditions of an organized team, a regulated mode of learning and a high calorie intake, two students (12.5 %) were overweight while the number of overweight residents was six (42.9 %), which was probably related to changes in the lifestyle, nutrition, and daily routine. Estimation of the body mass index showed that 10 (62.5 %) students and 11 (78.6 %) residents were overweight and obese. A more positive body build index among the residents was attributed to a higher number of overweight subjects and confirmed by strength and vital indices and chest circumference measurements. We revealed more considerable preclinical shifts in the health status of the residents in terms of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (diastolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise, heart rate and diastolic blood pressure after exercise, mean dynamic pressure after a period of rest, endurance coefficient, Robinson index) and the index of functional changes. Conclusions: Changes in the synergistic factors of learning and lifestyle of medical residents at the beginning of their professional career cause more significant preclinical alterations in the body compared with students, which necessitates raising their awareness of a healthy lifestyle.
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