Climate change and food insecurity are the two major challenges for humanity in developing countries. Drawing lessons from numerous research studies from southern Africa and regions on other continents, this review discusses possible interventions for climate and ecological change adaptation using improved water management, soil fertility amelioration, and intensive crop management options. is review and the proposed framework should provide useful information for improving agricultural policy in southern Africa to help poor farmers contend with erratic rainfall, declining soil fertility, and fragile economies while ensuring long-term ecosystem sustainability, increased crop yields, improved farm incomes, and sustained social livelihoods.