Impacts of Small-Scale Water Management Interventions on Crop Yield, Water Use and Productivity in Two Agro-Ecologies of Malawi

Abstract

A study was conducted in Malawi to compare the performance of improved agricultural water management interventions with traditional water management practices to assess the impact of the interventions on crop yield and water use productivity. The study used questionnaires and focused group discussions to collect data from farmers and key informants. The results showed significant gains in crop yield, farmer income, and water use productivity using the regulated surface irrigation compared with unregulated surface irrigation. Treadle pump irrigation increased crop production by 5% -54% compared with water can irrigation. Treadle pumps also increased gross and net incomes by >12% suggesting that farmers using the treadle pump were able to realize higher incomes across all crop enterprises compared with farmers using water cans. However, there is a dire need to improve the efficiency of the surface irrigation systems for rice production because the water applied was about 2 to 3 times the gross irrigation requirement (~10,780 m 3 ·ha −1 ) which could result in environmental degradation through increased salinity and water logging.

Farklı Sulama Aralıkları ve Düzeylerinin Salçalık Domatesin Verim ve Kalite Bileşenlerine Etkileri ve Ekonomik Analizi

“…The partial budgeting method was used in the economic evaluation of study results [30,31]. The method is based on comparing the additional benefits and additional costs that will result from different techniques.…”

Soil, Water, and Nutrient Management Options for Climate Change Adaptation in Southern Africa

“…The FAO (2005) report further noted gross inefficiencies in irrigation and water use due to the lack of appropriate irrigation infrastructure and control devices on smallholder farms. For example, well‐controlled sprinkler irrigation systems are in use mainly in large‐scale commercial farms, while small‐scale farmers use the less efficient surface irrigation system via gravity river diversion or the laborious bucket irrigation methods from shallow wells, thus further limiting the potential for irrigation expansion (FAO, 2005; Yokwe, 2009; Kadyampakeni et al, 2013a, 2013b). The population is increasing at an alarming rate in southern Africa, which will further reduce the land for irrigation development.…”