Impact of PCBM/C60 electron transfer layer on charge transports on ordered and disordered perovskite phases and hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells

The role of carbon-based materials in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells

“…A mixture of PCBM and C 60 shows better trap passivation and an increase in the conductivity when compared to the pure PCBM. 171 The stability of inverted PSCs based on different fullerene derivatives, cis-dimethoxy carbonyl fulleropyrrolidine C 70 (DMEC 70 ); a-DMEC 70 isomer, mix-DMEC 70 (mixture of three different cis-DMEC 70 isomers (a, b-endo, and b-exo)), and PC 71 BM as the ESL in a relative humidity of B20% was investigated by Castro and co-workers. 53 The unencapsulated devices with the PSCs based on a-DMEC 70 showed the highest stability over this period of time.…”

The J–V Hysteresis Behavior and Solutions in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The ETL with bilayer structure (bi‐ETL) has been extensively studied due to its excellent electron transport and stability. [ 197 ] Using bi‐ETL in PSCs can not only improve PCE but also reduce the level of hysteresis, such as PC 61 BM/C 60 , [ 54 ] PC 61 BM/AZO (Al‐doped ZnO), [ 198 ] barium hydroxide/boron‐doped ZnO, [ 199 ] Nb 2 O 5 /PC 61 BM, [ 200 ] C 60 /ultrathin‐TiO x , [ 201 ] and bilayer SnO 2 . [ 23 ] The bilayer SnO 2 (a layer of colloidal SnO 2 spin‐coated on the sol–gel SnO 2 ) as the ETL has better energy level alignment with the perovskite and accelerates the charge extraction.…”

“…When single PC 61 BM is used as an ETL, heat treatment is required to achieve the effect of suppress the hysteresis; when the PC 61 BM/C 60 bi‐ETL is used, C 60 can effectively passivate the defects of GBs to promote charge transfer without heat treatment, and hysteresis‐free PSCs is obtained. [ 54 ] The charge transfer processes of PC 61 BM ETL and PC 61 BM/C 60 bi‐ETL are shown in Figure 10e.…”

“…[ 53 ] Research by Namkoong et al also confirmed the effect of ETM on the hysteresis. [ 54 ] Therefore, selecting the appropriate ETM, appropriate thickness and crystal size can improve the hysteresis of PSCs.…”

Photovoltaic characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> solar cells with NiO hole transport layer

“…(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, Spiro-MeOTAD [1,6,7] )和有机ETL材料(如 [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, PCBM [8][9][10] ), 虽然能获得 、双源共蒸发法 [16,17] 和溶 液法 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] 等. 其中溶液法因操作简单, 设备要求低, 且 可制备出高质量的钙钛矿薄膜等特点被广泛运用.…”